BICEP / Keck XVII: Line of Sight Distortion Analysis: Estimates of Gravitational Lensing, Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence, Patchy Reionization, and Systematic Errors

Abstract

We present estimates of line-of-sight distortion fields derived from the 95 GHz and 150 GHz data taken by BICEP2, BICEP3, and Keck Array up to the 2018 observing season, leading to cosmological constraints and a study of instrumental and astrophysical systematics. Cosmological constraints are derived from three of the distortion fields concerning gravitational lensing from large-scale structure, polarization rotation from magnetic fields or an axion-like field, and the screening effect of patchy reionization. We measure an amplitude of the lensing power spectrum $A_L^{\varphi \varphi }=0.95\pm 0.20$. We constrain polarization rotation, expressed as the coupling constant of a Chern-Simons electromagnetic term $g_{a\gamma }\le 2.6\times 10^{-2}/H_I$, where $H_I$ is the inflationary Hubble parameter, and an amplitude of primordial magnetic fields smoothed over 1 Mpc $B_{1\text{Mpc}}\le 6.6\text{nG}$ at 95 GHz. We constrain the root mean square of optical-depth fluctuations in a simple "crinkly surface" model of patchy reionization, finding $A^{\tau }<0.19$ ($2\sigma$) for the coherence scale of $L_c=100$. We show that all of the distortion fields of the 95 GHz and 150 GHz polarization maps are consistent with simulations including lensed-$\Lambda$CDM, dust, and noise, with no evidence for instrumental systematics. In some cases, the EB and TB quadratic estimators presented here are more sensitive than our previous map-based null tests at identifying and rejecting spurious B-modes that might arise from instrumental effects. Finally, we verify that the standard deprojection filtering in the BICEP/Keck data processing is effective at removing temperature to polarization leakage.

34 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

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• Probing Axions through Tomography of Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence
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• A New Solution for the Observed Isotropic Cosmic Birefringence Angle and its Implications for the Anisotropic Counterpart through a Boltzmann Approach
• LiteBIRD Science Goals and Forecasts: A full-sky measurement of gravitational lensing of the CMB
• Forecasts of CMB lensing reconstruction of AliCPT-1 from the foreground cleaned polarization data
• Exact CMB B-mode power spectrum from anisotropic cosmic birefringence
• Tomographic constraint on anisotropic cosmic birefringence
• Forecast of CMB TB and EB correlations for AliCPT-1
• Conversations in the dark: cross-correlating birefringence and LSS to constrain axions
• A short review on Quintom dark energy theory
• Improving Cosmic Birefringence Constraints via Delensing
• Forecasts of effects of beam systematics and deprojection on the third-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment
• LiteBIRD science goals and forecasts: improved full-sky reconstruction of the gravitational lensing potential through the combination of Planck and LiteBIRD data
• Characterizing CMB noise anisotropies from CMB delensing
• Time-dependent deflection reconstruction: new technique to search for gravitational waves with the cosmic microwave background
• Systematic effects on lensing reconstruction from a patchwork of CMB polarization maps
• BICEP/Keck XXI: Constraints on Early-Universe Parity Violation from Multipole-Dependent Birefringence