unTimely: a Full-sky, Time-Domain unWISE Catalog

Abstract

We present the unTimely Catalog, a deep time-domain catalog of detections based on Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and NEOWISE observations spanning the 2010 through 2020 time period. Detections are extracted from 'time-resolved unWISE coadds', which stack together each biannual sky pass of WISE imaging to create a set of ~16 all-sky maps (per band), each much deeper and cleaner than individual WISE exposures. unTimely incorporates the W1 (3.4 micron) and W2 (4.6 micron) channels, meaning that our data set effectively consists of ~32 full-sky unWISE catalogs. We run the crowdsource crowded-field point source photometry pipeline (Schlafly et al. 2018) on each epochal coadd independently, with low detection thresholds: S/N = 4.0 (2.5) in W1 (W2). In total, we tabulate and publicly release 23.5 billion (19.9 billion) detections at W1 (W2). unTimely is ~1.3 mag deeper than the WISE/NEOWISE Single Exposure Source Tables near the ecliptic, with further enhanced depth toward higher ecliptic latitudes. The unTimely Catalog is primarily designed to enable novel searches for faint, fast-moving objects, such as Y dwarfs and/or late-type (T/Y) subdwarfs in the Milky Way's thick disk or halo. unTimely will also facilitate other time-domain science applications, such as all-sky studies of quasar variability at mid-infrared wavelengths over a decade-long time baseline.

version accepted by AAS Journals; added discussion of unTimely Catalog Explorer tool, see https://github.com/fkiwy/unTimely_Catalog_explorer

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• Extragalactic FXT Candidates Discovered by Chandra (2014-2022)
• Exploring the Extremes: Characterizing a New Population of Old and Cold Brown Dwarfs
• Probing the Origin of Changing-look Quasar Transitions with Chandra
• Redder than Red: Discovery of an Exceptionally Red L/T Transition Dwarf
• Genuine Retrieval of the AGN Host Stellar Population (GRAHSP)
• The most variable VVV sources: eruptive protostars, dipping giants in the Nuclear Disc and others
• Discovery of a Low-Redshift Hot Dust-Obscured Galaxy
• A Newborn AGN in a Starforming Galaxy
• A Data-Driven Search For Mid-Infrared Excesses Among Five Million Main-Sequence FGK Stars
• New ultracool dwarf candidates from multi-epoch WISE data
• The first Palomar Gattini-IR catalog of J-band light curves: construction and public data release
• Searching for supermassive black holes binaries within SRG/eROSITA-De I: Properties of the X-ray selected candidates
• MUSE Study of Two Giant Low-surface-brightness Galaxies with Compact Satellites
• Gaia-GIC-1: An Evolving Catastrophic Planetesimal Collision Candidate
• The Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample -- IV. GTC/OSIRIS optical spectra of Gaia late-M and L dwarfs
• Characterizing and spectrally modeling embedded FUor eruptions in the near-infrared
• VarWISE: Infrared Variability via NEOWISE Single Exposure Photometry
• Seeing through the dust: Unraveling near-infrared variability in type 2 active galactic nuclei