XMM-Newton observations of PSR J0554+3107: pulsing thermal emission from a cooling high-mass neutron star

Abstract

XMM-Newton observations of the middle-aged radio-quiet $\gamma$-ray pulsar J0554+3107 allowed us, for the first time, firmly identify it in X-rays by detection of pulsations with the pulsar period. In the 0.2-2 keV band, the pulse profile shows two peaks separated by about a half of the rotation phase with the pulsed fraction of $25\pm 6$ per cent. The profile and spectrum in this band can be mainly described by thermal emission from the neutron star with the hydrogen atmosphere, dipole magnetic field of $\sim 10^{13}$ G and non-uniform surface temperature. Non-thermal emission from the pulsar magnetosphere is marginally detected at higher photon energies. The spectral fit with the atmosphere+power law model implies that J0554+3107 is a rather heavy and cool neutron star with the mass of 1.6-2.1 $M_{\odot }$, the radius of $\approx 13$ km and the redshifted effective temperature of $\approx 50$ eV. The spectrum shows an absorption line of unknown nature at $\approx 350$ eV. Given the extinction-distance relation, the pulsar is located at $\approx 2$ kpc and has the redshifted bolometric thermal luminosity of $\approx 2\times 10^{32}$ erg s${}^{-1}$. We discuss cooling scenarios for J0554+3107 considering plausible equations of state of super-dense matter inside the star, different compositions of the heat-blanketing envelope and various ages.

arXiv comment13 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (70)

• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• On the Absorption of X-rays in the Interstellar Medium
• The ATNF Pulsar Catalogue
• The equation of state for nucleon matter and neutron star structure
• A 3D Dust Map Based on Gaia, Pan-STARRS 1 and 2MASS
• Neutron Star Cooling
• Time-dependent force-free pulsar magnetospheres: axisymmetric and oblique rotators
• A three-dimensional Galactic extinction model
• A New $\Sigma -D$ Relation and Its Application to the Galactic Supernova Remnant Distribution
• 3D maps of the local ISM from inversion of individual color excess measurements
• Neutron stars - cooling and transport
• Three-dimensional mapping of the local interstellar medium with composite data
• Magnetars: Properties, Origin and Evolution
• Pulsar Wind Nebulae in the Chandra Era
• 3D maps of interstellar dust in the Local Arm: using $Gaia$, 2MASS and APOGEE-DR14
• A variable absorption feature in the X-ray spectrum of a magnetar
• Moments of inertia for neutron and strange stars: limits derived for the Crab pulsar
• Superfluidity in nuclear systems and neutron stars
• Three-dimensional interstellar dust reddening maps of the Galactic plane
• 1SXPS: A deep Swift X-ray Telescope point source catalog with light curves and spectra
• Eight gamma-ray pulsars discovered in blind frequency searches of Fermi LAT data
• Thermal structure and cooling of superfluid neutron stars with accreted magnetized envelopes
• A NICER view of PSR J0030+0451: evidence for a global-scale multipolar magnetic field
• Probing X-ray Absorption and Optical Extinction in the Interstellar Medium Using Chandra Observations of Supernova Remnants
• Tests of the nuclear equation of state and superfluid and superconducting gaps using the Cassiopeia A neutron star
• Thermal luminosities of cooling neutron stars
• Atmospheres and radiating surfaces of neutron stars
• A 3D extinction map of the Northern Galactic Plane based on IPHAS photometry
• Electromagnetic polarization in partially ionized plasmas with strong magnetic fields and neutron star atmosphere models
• Modelling mid-Z element atmospheres for strongly-magnetized neutron stars
• Effective pairing interactions with isospin density dependence
• Pairing in high-density neutron matter including short- and long-range correlations
• Pairing in high-density neutron matter including short- and long-range correlations
• Magnetic neutron star cooling and microphysics
• Discovery of Pulsations and a Possible Spectral Feature in the X-ray Emission from Rotating Radio Transient J1819-1458
• The impact of glitches on young pulsar rotational evolution
• Einstein@Home discovery of four young gamma-ray pulsars in Fermi LAT data
• On the compactness of the isolated neutron star RX J0720.4-3125
• Polarization of Thermal X-rays from Isolated Neutron Stars
• A three dimensional extinction map of the Galactic Anticentre from multi-band photometry
• Equation of state and opacities for hydrogen atmospheres of neutron stars with strong magnetic fields
• Baryon superfluidity and neutrino emissivity of neutron stars
• The Outburst Decay of the Low Magnetic Field Magnetar SWIFT J1822.3-1606: Phase-resolved Analysis and Evidence for a Variable Cyclotron Feature
• Pulsar radiation belts and transient radio emission
• Updated radio $\Sigma -D$ relation for Galactic supernova remnants
• A Systematic Study of the dust of Galactic Supernova Remnants I. The Distance and the Extinction
• Heat blanketing envelopes of neutron stars
• Absorption Features in the X-ray Spectrum of an Ordinary Radio Pulsar
• X-ray Lightcurves from Realistic Polar Cap Models: Inclined Pulsar Magnetospheres and Multipole Fields
• In-medium enhancement of the modified Urca neutrino reaction rates
• Models of magnetized neutron star atmospheres: thin atmospheres and partially ionized hydrogen atmospheres with vacuum polarization
• The illusion of neutron star magnetic field estimates
• The Relation Between the Surface Brightness and the Diameter for Galactic Supernova Remnants
• XMM-Newton RGS spectrum of RX J0720.4-3125: An absorption feature at 0.57 keV
• X-ray counterpart candidates for six new $\gamma$-ray pulsars
• A deep XMM-Newton look on the thermally emitting isolated neutron star RX J1605.3+3249
• Possible phase-dependent absorption feature in the x-ray spectrum of the middle-aged PSR J0659+1414
• On the PSR B1133+16 optical counterpart
• Opacities and spectra of hydrogen atmospheres of moderately magnetized neutron stars
• XMM-Newton observations of PSR J0726-2612, a radio-loud XDINS
• NICER study of pulsed thermal X-rays from Calvera: a neutron star born in the Galactic halo?
• Chandra Observations of 1RXS J141256.0+792204 (Calvera)
• Simultaneous X-ray and Radio Observations of Rotating Radio Transient J1819-1458
• Phase-resolved X-ray spectroscopy of PSR B0656+14 with SRG/eROSITA and XMM-Newton
• Optical Emission Associated with the Galactic Supernova Remnant G179.0+2.6
• Middle aged $\gamma$-ray pulsar J1957+5033 in X-rays: pulsations, thermal emission and nebula
• Deep optical observations of unusual neutron star Calvera with the GTC
• Follow-up of 27 radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars at 110-190 MHz using the international LOFAR station FR606
• PSR B0656+14: the unified outlook from the infrared to X-rays
• Search for periodic emission of five gamma-ray pulsars at the frequency of 111 MHz

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Neutrino beaming in ultraluminous X-ray pulsars as a result of gravitational lensing by neutron stars