DELIGHT: Deep Learning Identification of Galaxy Hosts of Transients using Multi-resolution Images

Abstract

We present DELIGHT, or Deep Learning Identification of Galaxy Hosts of Transients, a new algorithm designed to automatically and in real-time identify the host galaxies of extragalactic transients. The proposed algorithm receives as input compact, multi-resolution images centered at the position of a transient candidate and outputs two-dimensional offset vectors that connect the transient with the center of its predicted host. The multi-resolution input consists of a set of images with the same number of pixels, but with progressively larger pixel sizes and fields of view. A sample of \nSample galaxies visually identified by the ALeRCE broker team was used to train a convolutional neural network regression model. We show that this method is able to correctly identify both relatively large ($10\arcsec < r < 60\arcsec$) and small ($r \le 10\arcsec$) apparent size host galaxies using much less information (32 kB) than with a large, single-resolution image (920 kB). The proposed method has fewer catastrophic errors in recovering the position and is more complete and has less contamination ($<0.86\%$) recovering the cross-matched redshift than other state-of-the-art methods. The more efficient representation provided by multi-resolution input images could allow for the identification of transient host galaxies in real-time, if adopted in alert streams from new generation of large etendue telescopes such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.

arXiv commentSubmitted to The Astronomical Journal on Aug 5th, 2022. Comments and suggestions are welcome

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