The GAPS Programme at TNG XXXVIII. Five molecules in the atmosphere of the warm giant planet WASP-69b detected at high spectral resolution

Abstract

The field of exo-atmospheric characterisation is progressing at an extraordinary pace. Atmospheric observations are now available for tens of exoplanets, mainly hot and warm inflated gas giants, and new molecular species continue to be detected revealing a richer atmospheric composition than previously expected. Thanks to its warm equilibrium temperature (963$\pm$18~K) and low-density (0.219$\pm$0.031~g cm${}^{-3}$), the close-in gas giant WASP-69b represents a golden target for atmospheric characterization. With the aim of searching for molecules in the atmosphere of WASP-69b and investigating its properties, we performed high-resolution transmission spectroscopy with the GIANO-B near-infrared spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We observed three transit events of WASP-69b. During a transit, the planetary lines are Doppler-shifted due to the large change in the planet's radial velocity, allowing us to separate the planetary signal from the quasi-stationary telluric and stellar spectrum. Considering the three nights together, we report the detection of CH${}_4$, NH${}_3$, CO, C${}_2$H${}_2$, and H${}_2$O, at more than $3.3\sigma$ level. We did not identify the presence of HCN and CO${}_2$ with confidence level higher than 3$\sigma$. This is the first time that five molecules are simultaneously detected in the atmosphere of a warm giant planet. These results suggest that the atmosphere of WASP-69b is possibly carbon-rich and characterised by the presence of disequilibrium chemistry.

arXiv comment10 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

References in corpus (50)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• ExoMol molecular line lists XXX: a complete high-accuracy line list for water
• HST Time-Series Photometry of the Transiting Planet of HD 209458
• C/O ratio as a Dimension for Characterizing Exoplanetary Atmospheres
• Exoplanet Atmospheres
• The signature of orbital motion from the dayside of the planet tau Bootis b
• A variationally computed line list for hot NH3
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets
• A population study of gaseous exoplanets
• ExoMol line lists III: An improved hot rotation-vibration line list for HCN and HNC
• Chemical consequences of the C/O ratio on hot Jupiters: Examples from WASP-12b,CoRoT-2b, XO-1b, and HD 189733b
• Retrieving Temperatures and Abundances of Exoplanet Atmospheres with High-Resolution Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy
• Ground-based detection of an extended helium atmosphere in the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69b
• Rotation and winds of exoplanet HD 189733 b measured with high-dispersion transmission spectroscopy
• The Near-Infrared and Optical Spectra of Methane Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs
• ExoMol molecular line lists XXXV: a rotation-vibration line list for hot ammonia
• Improved HCN/HNC linelist, model atmospheres and synthetic spectra for WZ Cas
• An accurate, extensive, and practical line list of methane for the HITEMP database
• Tracing the formation history of giant planets in protoplanetary disks with Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulphur
• HELIOS: An Open-source, GPU-accelerated Radiative Transfer Code For Self-consistent Exoplanetary Atmospheres
• Carbon monoxide and water vapor in the atmosphere of the non-transiting exoplanet HD 179949 b
• Five carbon- and nitrogen-bearing species in a hot giant planet's atmosphere
• Retrieval analysis of 38 WFC3 transmission spectra and resolution of the normalisation degeneracy
• Retrieval of planetary and stellar properties in transmission spectroscopy with Aura
• Three sub-Jupiter-mass planets: WASP-69b & WASP-84b transit active K dwarfs and WASP-70Ab transits the evolved primary of a G4+K3 binary
• Neutral Iron Emission Lines From The Day-side Of KELT-9b -- The GAPS Programme With HARPS-N At TNG XX
• ExoMol molecular line lists -- XXXVII: spectra of acetylene
• GENESIS: New Self-Consistent Models of Exoplanetary Spectra
• A framework to combine low- and high-resolution spectroscopy for the atmospheres of transiting exoplanets
• Exoplanet atmospheres with GIANO. I. Water in the transmission spectrum of HD 189733b
• Chemical Kinetics on Extrasolar Planets
• Detection of sodium in the atmosphere of WASP-69b
• Exoplanet atmospheres with GIANO II. Detection of molecular absorption in the dayside spectrum of HD 102195b
• Analytical Models of Exoplanetary Atmospheres. II. Radiative Transfer via the Two-stream Approximation
• TEA: A Code for Calculating Thermochemical Equilibrium Abundances
• The Pyrat Bay Framework for Exoplanet Atmospheric Modeling: A Population Study of Hubble/WFC3 Transmission Spectra
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG XIX. Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and improved parameters of KELT-9b
• Constraints on Metastable Helium in the Atmospheres of WASP-69b and WASP-52b with Ultra-Narrowband Photometry
• A H13CN/HN13C linelist, model atmospheres and synthetic spectra for carbon stars
• Seeing above the Clouds with High Resolution Spectroscopy
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. XXXII. The revealing non-detection of metastable HeI in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter WASP-80b
• An Algorithm to Compress Line-transition Data for Radiative-transfer Calculations
• Small hydrocarbon molecules in cloud-forming Brown Dwarf and giant gas planet atmospheres
• Planet and star synergy at high spectral resolution. A rationale for the characterisation of exoplanet atmospheres. I. The Infrared
• Exploring the link between star and planet formation with Ariel
• The GAPS Programme at TNG XXXIII. HARPS-N detects multiple atomic species in emission from the dayside of KELT-20b
• Ariel stellar characterisation: I -- homogeneous stellar parameters of 187 FGK planet host stars Description and validation of the method
• The GAPS programme at TNG XXX. Atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and atmospheric dynamics of KELT-20b
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XXXI. The WASP-33 system revisited with HARPS-N
• On The Synergy Between Ariel And Ground-Based High-Resolution Spectroscopy

Cited by in corpus (26)

• The GAPS Programme at TNG. XLI. The climate of KELT-9b revealed with a new approach to high spectral resolution phase curves
• Robustness Measures for Molecular Detections using High-Resolution Transmission Spectroscopy of Exoplanets
• The Mantis Network III: Expanding the limits of chemical searches within ultra hot-Jupiters. New detections of Ca I, V I, Ti I, Cr I, Ni I, Sr II, Ba II, and Tb II in KELT-9 b
• CRIRES+ and ESPRESSO reveal an atmosphere enriched in volatiles relative to refractories on the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b
• Homogeneous search for helium in the atmosphere of 11 gas giant exoplanets with SPIRou
• The GAPS Programme at TNG LV. Multiple molecular species in the atmosphere of HAT-P-11 b and review of the HAT-P-11 planetary system
• Multiple Clues for Dayside Aerosols and Temperature Gradients in WASP-69 b from a Panchromatic JWST Emission Spectrum
• Diagnosing limb asymmetries in hot and ultra-hot Jupiters with high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
• The GAPS programme at TNG. XLV. HI Balmer lines transmission spectroscopy and NLTE atmospheric modelling of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-20b/MASCARA-2b
• Transmission spectroscopy of the lowest-density gas giant: metals and a potential extended outflow in HAT-P-67b
• SAGE: A tool to constrain impacts of stellar activity on transmission spectroscopy
• TASTE V. A new ground-based investigation of orbital decay in the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-12b
• The chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood for planet-hosting stars
• The GAPS programme at TNG LX Atmospheric characterisation of KELT-9 b via single-line analysis: Detection of six H I Balmer lines, Na I, Ca I, Ca II, Fe I, Fe II, Mg I, Ti II, Sc II, and Cr II
• Ariel stellar characterisation II. Chemical abundances of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen for 181 planet-host FGK dwarf stars
• Detection of faculae in the transit and transmission spectrum of WASP-69b
• Planet formation in chemically diverse and evolving discs -- I. Composition of planetary building blocks
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. XXX: Characterization of the low-density gas giant HAT-P-67 b with GIARPS
• A Population Analysis of 20 Exoplanets Observed from the Optical to the Near-infrared Wavelengths with HST: Evidence for Widespread Stellar Contamination
• The GAPS programme at TNG LXVI. A homogeneous search for Na i and its possible variability in ten gas giant exoplanets
• Kinetic and photochemical disequilibrium in the potentially carbon-rich atmosphere of the warm-Jupiter WASP-69b
• The GAPS Programme at TNG. LXIX.The Dayside of WASP-76b revealed by GIANO-B, HARPS-N and ESPRESSO: Evidence for Three-Dimensional Atmospheric Effects
• The GAPS programme at TNG -- LXIII. Photo-evaporating puzzle: Exploring the enigmatic nature of TOI-5398 b atmospheric signal
• Exploring Synergies between Twinkle and Ariel: a Pilot Study
• Probing the geological setting of exoplanets through atmospheric analysis: using Mars as a test case
• Unraveling the Mystery of the Peculiar and Young Hot Jupiter CoRoT-2b. I. H${}_2$O and CO Detection from Dayside Observations with Gemini-S/IGRINS