Atomic clocks highly sensitive to the variation of the fine structure constant based on Hf II, Hf IV, and W VI ions

Abstract

We demonstrate that several metastable excited states in Hf II, Hf IV and W VI ions may be good clock states since they are sufficiently long-living and are not sensitive to the perturbations. Cooling E1 transitions are available. Energy levels, Landé $g$-factors, transition amplitudes for electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic dipole (M1) transitions, lifetimes, and electric quadrupole moments for Hf II, Hf IV, and W VI ions are investigated using a combination of several methods of relativistic many-body calculations including the configuration interaction (CI), linearized coupled-cluster single-doubles (SD) and many-body perturbation theory (CI+SD), and also the configuration interaction with perturbation theory (CIPT). Scalar polarizabilities of the ground states and the clock states have been calculated to determine the black body radiation (BBR) shifts. We have found that the relative BBR shifts for these transitions range between 10${}^{-16}$ $-$ 10${}^{-18}$. A linear combination of two clock transition frequencies allows one to further suppress BBR. Several $5d$ - $6s$ single-electron clock transitions ensure high sensitivity of the transition frequencies to the variation of the fine structure constant $\alpha$ and may be used to search for dark matter producing this variation of $\alpha$. The enhancement coefficient for $\alpha$ variation reaches $K=8.3$. Six stable isotopes of Hf and 5 stable isotopes in W allow one to make King plots and search for new interactions mediated by scalar particles or other mechanisms.

arXiv comment9 pages

References in corpus (36)

• An Optical Lattice Clock with Accuracy and Stability at the $10^{-18}$ Level
• Systematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 2e-18 total uncertainty
• Atomic clock performance beyond the geodetic limit
• An ${}^{27}$Al${}^{+}$ quantum-logic clock with systematic uncertainty below $10^{-18}$
• Single-Ion Atomic Clock with $3\times 10^{-18}$ Systematic Uncertainty
• Hunting for topological dark matter with atomic clocks
• Frequency ratio of two optical clock transitions in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{+}$ and constraints on the time-variation of fundamental constants
• JILA SrI Optical Lattice Clock with Uncertainty of $2.0\times 10^{-18}$
• Space-Time Variation of Physical Constants and Relativistic Corrections in Atoms
• Calculations of the Relativistic Effects in Many-Electron Atoms and Space-Time Variation of Fundamental Constants
• Optical clock comparison test of Lorentz symmetry
• Multipolar theory of black-body radiation shift of atomic energy levels and its implications for optical lattice clocks
• Can dark matter induce cosmological evolution of the fundamental constants of Nature?
• Search for ultralight scalar dark matter with atomic spectroscopy
• Searching for an oscillating massive scalar field as a dark matter candidate using atomic hyperfine frequency comparisons
• Improved limits for violations of local position invariance from atomic clock comparisons
• Probing new light force-mediators by isotope shift spectroscopy
• Search for variation of the fundamental constants in atomic, molecular and nuclear spectra
• Relativistic effects in two valence electron atoms and ions and the search for variation of the fine structure constant
• Isotope shift, non-linearity of King plots and the search for new particles
• Sympathetic Cooling of Mixed Species Two-Ion Crystals for Precision Spectroscopy
• Relativistic effects in Sr, Dy, YbII and YbIII and search for variation of the fine structure constant
• Relativistic corrections to transition frequencies of Ag I, Dy I, Ho I, Yb II, Yb III, Au I and Hg II and search for variation of the fine structure constant
• Improved limits on interactions of low-mass spin-0 dark matter from atomic clock spectroscopy
• Additional clock transitions in neutral ytterbium bring new possibilities for testing physics beyond the Standard Model
• On the use of the $V^{N-M}$ approximation in atomic calculations
• Combining configuration interaction with perturbation theory for atoms with large number of valence electrons
• Search for the effect of massive bodies on atomic spectra and constraints on Yukawa-type interactions of scalar particles
• Atomic clocks with suppressed blackbody radiation shift
• Combination of the single-double coupled cluster and the configuration interaction methods; application to barium, lutetium and their ions
• Radium Ion Optical Clock
• Absolute frequency of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ at $1.8\times 10^{-16}$ uncertainty by reference to remote Primary Frequency Standards
• A New Option for a Search for Alpha Variation: Narrow Transitions with Enhanced Sensitivity
• Optical atomic clocks with suppressed black body radiation shift
• Blackbody radiation shift for the ${}^1$S${}_0$--${}^3$P${}_0$ optical clock transition in zinc and cadmium atoms
• Time keeping and searching for new physics using metastable states of Cu, Ag and Au

Cited by in corpus (3)

• A New Clock Transition with the Highest Sensitivity to $\alpha$ Variation and Simultaneous Magic Trapping Conditions with Other Clock Transitions in Yb
• Sensing atomic superfluid rotation beyond the standard quantum limit
• Prospects for optical clocks combining high sensitivity to new physics with insensitivity to perturbations; the case of Sb${}^{+}$, Au${}^{+}$, and Hg${}^{2+}$