Quantum Advantage in Cryptography

Abstract

Ever since its inception, cryptography has been caught in a vicious circle: Cryptographers keep inventing methods to hide information, and cryptanalysts break them, prompting cryptographers to invent even more sophisticated encryption schemes, and so on. But could it be that quantum information technology breaks this circle? At first sight, it looks as if it just lifts the competition between cryptographers and cryptanalysts to the next level. Indeed, quantum computers will render most of today's public key cryptosystems insecure. Nonetheless, there are good reasons to believe that cryptographers will ultimately prevail over cryptanalysts. Quantum cryptography allows us to build communication schemes whose secrecy relies only on the laws of physics and some minimum assumptions about the cryptographic hardware - leaving basically no room for an attack. While we are not yet there, this article provides an overview of the principles and state of the art of quantum cryptography, as well as an assessment of current challenges and prospects for overcoming them.

arXiv comment31 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. To appear in the AIAA journal

References in corpus (33)

• Gaussian Quantum Information
• Distributed Entanglement
• Advances in Quantum Cryptography
• Fundamental Limits of Repeaterless Quantum Communications
• General Benchmarks for Quantum Repeaters
• Security Aspects of Practical Quantum Cryptography
• Hacking commercial quantum cryptography systems by tailored bright illumination
• No Signalling and Quantum Key Distribution
• Quantum cryptography protocols robust against photon number splitting attacks for weak laser pulses implementations
• Secure quantum key distribution over 421 km of optical fiber
• Side-channel-free quantum key distribution
• Device-independent quantum key distribution secure against collective attacks
• Full-field implementation of a perfect eavesdropper on a quantum cryptography system
• Fully device independent quantum key distribution
• Fundamental rate-loss tradeoff for optical quantum key distribution
• Progress in satellite quantum key distribution
• Security in Quantum Cryptography
• Effects of detector efficiency mismatch on security of quantum cryptosystems
• Post-selection technique for quantum channels with applications to quantum cryptography
• Distributing Secret Keys with Quantum Continuous Variables: Principle, Security and Implementations
• Experimental device-independent quantum key distribution between distant users
• Telecom-heralded entanglement between remote multimode solid-state quantum memories
• Advances in Space Quantum Communications
• No extension of quantum theory can have improved predictive power
• 10~Mb/s quantum key distribution
• Heralded entanglement distribution between two absorptive quantum memories
• Controlling passively-quenched single photon detectors by bright light
• Memory Attacks on Device-Independent Quantum Cryptography
• A largely self-contained and complete security proof for quantum key distribution
• Reliable numerical key rates for quantum key distribution
• Entropy accumulation
• Strategies for achieving high key rates in satellite-based QKD
• Faint laser quantum key distribution: Eavesdropping exploiting multiphoton pulses

Cited by in corpus (16)

• Entanglement and thermokinetic uncertainty relations in coherent mesoscopic transport
• Improving the performance of quantum cryptography by using the encryption of the error correction data
• Boosting quantum key distribution via the end-to-end loss control
• Numerical simulations of atmospheric quantum channels
• Overcoming Noise Limitations in QKD with Quantum Privacy Amplification
• An entanglement-based protocol for simultaneous reciprocal information exchange between 2 players
• Universally-Charging Protocols for Quantum Batteries: A No-Go Theorem
• One-to-Many Simultaneous Secure Quantum Information Transmission
• The Role of Quantum Computing in Advancing Scientific High-Performance Computing: A perspective from the ADAC Institute
• A distributed and parallel $(k,n)$ QSS scheme with verification capability
• Time correlations in atmospheric quantum channels
• Secure One-Sided Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Under Collective Attacks with Enhanced Robustness
• A novel $2$ \& $3$ player scheme for Quantum Direct Communication
• HQNET: Harnessing Quantum Noise for Effective Training of Quantum Neural Networks in NISQ Era
• Circular-beam approximation for quantum channels in a turbulent atmosphere
• PQC-Enhanced QKD Networks: A Layered Approach