Thermodynamics of Quantum Measurement and the Demon's Arrow of Time

Abstract

We discuss the thermodynamic aspects of a single qubit based device, powered by weak quantum measurements, and feedback controlled by a quantum Maxwell's demon. We discuss both discrete and time-continuous operation of the measurement based device at finite temperature of the reservoir. In the discrete example where a demon acquires information via discrete weak measurements, we find that the thermodynamic variables including the heat exchanged, extractable work, and the entropy produced are completely determined by an information theoretic measure of the demon's perceived arrow of time. We also discuss a realistic time-continuous operation of the device where the feedback is applied after a sequence of weak measurements. In the time-continuous limit, we derive the exact finite-time statistics of work, heat and entropy changes along individual quantum trajectories of the quantum measurement process, and relate them to the demon's arrow of time.

9 pages, 7 figures

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• Charging by quantum measurement
• Measurement-based quantum thermal machines with feedback control
• Experimental simulation of daemonic work extraction in open quantum batteries on a digital quantum computer
• Cooperative isentropic charging of hybrid quantum batteries
• Heat flow from a measurement apparatus monitoring a dissipative qubit
• Collective effects enhanced multi-qubit information engines
• Fundamental mechanisms of energy exchanges in autonomous measurements based on dispersive qubit-light interaction
• Artificially intelligent Maxwell's demon for optimal control of open quantum systems
• Making the Virtual Real: Measurement-Powered Tunneling Engines
• The hidden negative differential thermal conductance