Fundamental mechanisms of energy exchanges in autonomous measurements based on dispersive qubit-light interaction
arXiv:2311.11870 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.109.063707
Abstract
Measuring an observable which does not commute with the Hamiltonian of a quantum system usually modifies the mean energy of this system. In an autonomous measurement scheme, coupling the system to a quantum meter, the system's energy change must be compensated by the meter's energy change. Here, we theoretically study such an autonomous meter-system dynamics: a qubit interacting dispersively with a light pulse propagating in a one-dimensional waveguide. The phase of the light pulse is shifted, conditioned to the qubit's state along the -direction, while the orientation of the qubit Hamiltonian is arbitrary. As the interaction is dispersive, photon number is conserved so that energy balance has to be attained by spectral deformations of the light pulse. Building on analytical and numerical solutions, we reveal the mechanism underlying this spectral deformation and display how it compensates for the qubit's energy change. We explain the formation of a three-peak structure of the output spectrum and we provide the conditions under which this is observable.
9 pages plus appendices, 9 figures
References in corpus (17)
- Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
- Resolving photon number states in a superconducting circuit
- Quantum information processing with circuit quantum electrodynamics
- Theory of single-photon transport in a single-mode waveguide coupled to a cavity containing a two-level atom
- Dispersive regime of circuit QED: photon-dependent qubit dephasing and relaxation rates
- Quantum trajectory approach to circuit QED: Quantum jumps and the Zeno effect
- The role of quantum measurement in stochastic thermodynamics
- A two-qubit engine fueled by entangling operations and local measurements
- A quantum Szilard engine without heat from a thermal reservoir
- Energetics of a Single Qubit Gate
- Quantum measurement engines and their relevance for quantum interpretations
- 'Measurement of Quantum Mechanical Operators' Revisited
- Wigner-Araki-Yanase theorem on Distinguishability
- Post-selection and quantum energetics
- Thermodynamics of Quantum Measurement and the Demon's Arrow of Time
- Wigner-Araki-Yanase theorem for continuous and unbounded conserved observables
- Closed-System Solution of the 1D Atom from Collision Model