Measuring the distortion of time with relativistic effects in large-scale structure

Abstract

To test the theory of gravity one needs to test, on one hand, how space and time are distorted by matter and, on the other hand, how matter moves in a distorted space-time. Current observations provide tight constraints on the motion of matter, through the so-called redshift-space distortions, but they only provide a measurement of the sum of the spatial and temporal distortions, via gravitational lensing. In this Letter, we develop a method to measure the time distortion on its own. We show that the coming generation of galaxy surveys, like the Square Kilometer Array, will allow us to measure the distortion of time with an accuracy of 10-30%. Such a measurement will be essential to test deviations from the $\Lambda$CDM model in a fully model-independent way. In particular, it can be used to compare the spatial and temporal distortions of space-time and to unambiguously distinguish between modifications of gravity and dark fifth forces acting on dark matter.

6 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables. V2 matches the published version

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Gravitational Redshift Constraints on the Effective Theory of Interacting Dark Energy
• Modified Einstein versus Modified Euler for Dark Matter
• Combining gravitational lensing and gravitational redshift to measure the anisotropic stress with future galaxy surveys
• Wide-angle effects in the galaxy bispectrum
• Disentangling modified gravity from a dark force with gravitational redshift
• Euclid: Relativistic effects in the dipole of the 2-point correlation function
• Using relativistic effects in large-scale structure to constrain astrophysical properties of galaxy populations
• Comparing the motion of dark matter and standard model particles on cosmological scales
• Detecting Local and Integrated Relativistic Effects by Multi-Tracing a Single Galaxy Population in Harmonic Space