Statistical Properties of Radio Halos in Galaxy Clusters and Origin of Seed Electrons for Reacceleration

Abstract

One of the most promising mechanisms for producing radio halos (RHs) in galaxy clusters is the reacceleration of cosmic-ray electrons by turbulences. However, the origin of the seed electrons for the reacceleration is still poorly constrained. In the secondary scenario, most of the seed electrons are injected via collision of proton cosmic-rays, while non-thermal electrons are directly injected in the primary scenario. In this paper, we examine the two scenarios for the seed electrons with the observed statistical properties of RHs, combining two methods: following the temporal evolutions of the electron energy and radial distributions in a cluster, and the merger history of clusters. We find that the RH lifetime largely depends on the seed origin, as it could be longer than the cosmological timescale in the secondary scenario. We study the condition for the onset of RHs with the observed RH fraction and the RH lifetime we obtained, and find that long-lived RHs in the secondary scenario should be originated from major mergers with a mass ratio of $\xi \sim 0.1$, while the short lifetime in the primary scenario requires more frequent onsets by minor mergers with $\xi \sim 0.01$. Our simple model of the turbulence acceleration can reproduce the observed radio luminosity-mass relation. The RH luminosity functions we obtained suggest that the expected RH number count with the ASKAP survey will detect $\approx 10^3$ RHs in both the scenarios.

arXiv comment29 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, submitted to ApJ

References in corpus (68)

• Efficient Computation of CMB anisotropies in closed FRW models
• Large scale bias and the peak background split
• LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray
• Toward a halo mass function for precision cosmology: the limits of universality
• Mass function of dark matter halos
• Chandra sample of nearby relaxed galaxy clusters: mass, gas fraction, and mass-temperature relation
• Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog
• Improved constraints on dark energy from Chandra X-ray observations of the largest relaxed galaxy clusters
• The Merger Rates and Mass Assembly Histories of Dark Matter Haloes in the Two Millennium Simulations
• Cosmic rays in galaxy clusters and their non-thermal emission
• Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: mode coupling, scaling relations, anisotropy, new regime and astrophysical implications
• Particle reacceleration in Coma cluster: radio properties and hard X-ray emission
• Properties of the X-ray brightest Abell-type clusters of galaxies (XBACs) from ROSAT All-Sky Survey data --- I. The sample
• Diffuse Radio Emission from Galaxy Clusters
• EMU: Evolutionary Map of the Universe
• On The Non Thermal Emission and Acceleration of Electrons in Coma and Other Clusters of Galaxies
• Science with ASKAP - the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
• Compressible Turbulence in Galaxy Clusters: Physics and Stochastic Particle Re-acceleration
• The Coma cluster magnetic field from Faraday rotation measures
• Parameterization of Gamma, e^+/- and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical Environment
• On the connection between giant radio halos and cluster mergers
• Radio Halo and Relic Candidates from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey
• The halo mass function through the cosmic ages
• A low-frequency radio halo associated with a cluster of galaxies
• Cluster mergers and non-thermal phenomena: expectations from a statistical magneto-turbulent model
• Searching for Cool Core Clusters at High redshift
• Revisiting scaling relations for giant radio halos in galaxy clusters
• X-Ray surface brightness and gas density fluctuations in the Coma cluster
• Diffusive Shock Acceleration Simulations of Radio Relics
• GMRT Radio Halo Survey in galaxy clusters at z = 0.2 -- 0.4 I.The REFLEX sub--sample
• Chandra Temperature Maps for Galaxy Clusters with Radio Halos
• On The Origin of Radio Halos in Galaxy Clusters
• Hydrodynamic Simulation of Non-thermal Pressure Profiles of Galaxy Clusters
• A Systematic Study of X-Ray Substructure of Galaxy Clusters Detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey
• Simulating cosmic rays in clusters of galaxies - II. A unified scheme for radio halos and relics with predictions of the gamma-ray emission
• Cosmic rays and Radio Halos in galaxy clusters : new constraints from radio observations
• Nonthermal Emissions from Particles Accelerated by Turbulence in Clusters of Galaxies
• Modeling the interaction between ICM and relativistic plasma in cooling flows: the case of the Perseus Cluster
• The answer is blowing in the wind: Simulating the interaction of jets with dynamic cluster atmospheres
• Stochastic reacceleration of relativistic electrons by turbulent reconnection: a mechanism for cluster-scale radio emission ?
• Turbulence and Vorticity in Galaxy Clusters Generated by Structure Formation
• Search for gamma-ray emission from the Coma Cluster with six years of Fermi-LAT data
• Simulating the gamma-ray emission from galaxy clusters: a universal cosmic ray spectrum and spatial distribution
• Turbulence and Particle Acceleration in Giant Radio Haloes: the Origin of Seed Electrons
• New scaling relations in cluster radio halos and the re-acceleration model
• On the occurrence of Radio Halos in galaxy clusters - Insight from a mass-selected sample
• Alfvenic reacceleration of relativistic particles in galaxy clusters in the presence of secondary electrons and positrons
• Relativistic protons in the Coma galaxy cluster: first gamma-ray constraints ever on turbulent reacceleration
• The Matryoshka Run (II): Time Dependent Turbulence Statistics, Stochastic Particle Acceleration and Microphysics Impact in a Massive Galaxy Cluster
• Unveiling radio halos in galaxy clusters in the LOFAR era
• Turbulent pressure support and hydrostatic mass-bias in the intracluster medium
• LOFAR discovery of an ultra-steep radio halo and giant head-tail radio galaxy in Abell 1132
• The Extended GMRT Radio Halo Survey I: New upper limits on radio halos and mini-halos
• The Matryoshka Run: Eulerian Refinement Strategy to Study Statistics of Turbulence in Virialized Cosmic Structures
• Radio Halos in future surveys in the radio continuum
• On the Physics of Radio Halos in Galaxy Clusters: Scaling Relations and Luminosity Functions
• Particle reacceleration by compressible turbulence in galaxy clusters: effects of reduced mean free path
• The Nascent Red Sequence at z~2
• Radio halos in a mass-selected sample of 75 galaxy clusters. II. Statistical analysis
• The turbulent pressure support in galaxy clusters revisited
• Fast magnetic field amplification in distant galaxyclusters
• Clusters of Galaxies: magnetic fields and nonthermal emission
• The very steep spectrum radio halo in Abell 697
• The Radio Luminosity Function of Cluster Radio Halos
• The scaling relations and the fundamental plane for radio halos and relics of galaxy clusters
• Detection of gamma-ray emission from the Coma cluster with Fermi Large Area Telescope and tentative evidence for an extended spatial structure
• Can giant radio halos probe the merging rate of galaxy clusters?
• Particle Energy Diffusion in Linear Magnetohydrodynamic Waves

Cited by in corpus (8)

• The Planck clusters in the LOFAR sky: IV: LoTSS-DR2: statistics of radio halos and re-acceleration models
• The Planck clusters in the LOFAR sky. III. LoTSS-DR2: Dynamic states and density fluctuations of the intracluster medium
• Surface brightness discontinuities in radio halos. Insights from the MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey
• The prototypical major cluster merger Abell 754. I. Calibration of MeerKAT data and radio/X-ray spectral mapping of the cluster
• Probing particle acceleration in Abell 2256: from to 16 MHz to gamma rays
• Double radio relics and radio halo in the high redshift galaxy cluster El Gordo with the Upgraded GMRT
• High-energy neutrino constraints on cosmic-ray re-acceleration in radio halos of massive galaxy clusters
• Non-thermal emissions from a head-tail radio galaxy in 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations