Feeding the spider with carbon -- [CII] emission from the circum galactic medium and active galactic nucleus

Abstract

We present the detection of [CII] 158um emission from the Spiderweb galaxy at z=2.1612 using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment. The line profile splits into an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and circum galacic medium (CGM) component previously identified in CO and [CI]. We find that these individual [CII] components are consistent in terms of CO and far-IR luminosity ratios with the populations of other z>~1 AGN and dusty star-forming galaxies. The CGM component dominates the [CII] emission in the 10" APEX beam. Although we do not have spatially resolved data, the close correspondence of the velocity profile with the CO(1-0) detected only on scales of tens of kiloparsecs in CO(1-0) suggests that the [CII] emission is similarly extended, reminiscent of [CII] halos recently found around z>5 galaxies. Comparing the first four ionization states of carbon, we find that the atomic [CI] emission is dominant, which increases its reliability as a molecular mass tracer. Our [CII] detection at 601.8 GHz also demonstrates the feasibility to extend the frequency range of ALMA Band 9 beyond the original specifications.

arXiv comment4 pages, 2 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters

References in corpus (35)

• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
• The Circumgalactic Medium
• Massive Molecular Outflows and Evidence for AGN Feedback from CO Observations
• The applicability of FIR fine-structure lines as Star Formation Rate tracers over wide ranges of metallicities and galaxy types
• A 158 Micron [CII] Line Survey of Galaxies at z ~ 1 to 2: An Indicator of Star Formation in the Early Universe
• Extreme gas kinematics in the z=2.2 powerful radio galaxy MRC1138-262: Evidence for efficient AGN feedback in the early Universe?
• The [C II] emission as a molecular gas mass tracer in galaxies at low and high redshift
• Very extended cold gas, star formation and outflows in the halo of a bright QSO at z>6
• The nature of the [CII] emission in dusty star-forming galaxies from the SPT survey
• The Spiderweb galaxy: a forming massive cluster galaxy at z~2
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Size of Individual Star-Forming Galaxies at z=4-6 and their Extended Halo Structure
• Missing [CII] emission from early galaxies
• Molecular Gas in the Halo Fuels the Growth of a Massive Cluster Galaxy at High Redshift
• Is atomic carbon a good tracer of molecular gas in metal-poor galaxies?
• A search for clusters at high redshift - IV. Spectroscopy of H-alpha emitters in a proto-cluster at z=2.16
• Deep spectroscopy of the FUV-optical emission lines from a sample of radio galaxies at z~2.5: metallicity and ionization
• A kiloparsec view of a typical star-forming galaxy when the Universe was ~1 Gyr old. Part I. Outflow, halo, and interstellar medium properties
• Three Lyman-alpha emitting filaments converging to a massive galaxy group at z=2.91: discussing the case for cold gas infall
• SEPIA - a new single pixel receiver at the APEX Telescope
• The ALMA Band 9 receiver - Design, construction, characterization, and first light
• No evidence for [CII] halos or high-velocity outflows in z>6 quasar host galaxies
• Giant galaxy growing from recycled gas: ALMA maps the circumgalactic molecular medium of the Spiderweb in [CI]
• Rapid Coeval Black Hole and Host Galaxy Growth in MRC 1138-262: The Hungry Spider
• Molecular gas on large circumgalactic scales at z=3.47
• A SINFONI view of flies in the Spiderweb: a galaxy cluster in the making
• Diffuse UV light associated with the Spiderweb Galaxy: evidence for in-situ star formation outside galaxies
• CO(1-0) detection of molecular gas in the massive Spiderweb Galaxy (z=2)
• Full of Orions: a 200-pc mapping of the interstellar medium in the redshift-3 lensed dusty star-forming galaxy SDP.81
• The black holes of radio galaxies during the "Quasar Era": Masses, accretion rates, and evolutionary stage
• ALMA Finds Dew Drops in the Dusty Spider's Web
• The potential influence of far-infrared emission lines on the selection of high-redshift galaxies
• The Discovery of a New Massive Molecular Gas Component Associated with the Submillimeter Galaxy SMM J02399-0136
• A search for dust and molecular gas in enormous Ly$\alpha$ nebulae at $z\approx 2$
• Detection of large scale Ly$\alpha$ absorbers at large angles to the radio axis of high-redshift radio galaxies using SOAR

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Forming intracluster gas in a galaxy protocluster at a redshift of 2.16
• Signs of environmental effects on star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster at z=2.16
• High resolution modeling of [CII], [CI], [OIII] and CO line emission from the ISM and CGM of a star forming galaxy at z ~ 6.5
• Evidence of extended cold molecular gas and dust halos around $\mathbf{z}\sim 2.3$ Extremely Red Quasars with ALMA
• An investigation of the circumgalactic medium around z~2.2 AGN with ACA and ALMA
• Evidence for extended gaseous reservoirs around AGN at cosmic noon from ALMA CO(3-2) observations
• The SUPERCOLD-CGM survey: \\ I. Probing the extended CO(4-3) Emission of the Circumglactic medium in a sample of 10 Enormous Ly$\alpha$ Nebulae at $z\sim 2$
• COALAS III: The ATCA CO(1-0) look at the growth and death of H$\alpha$ emitters in the Spiderweb protocluster at z=2.16
• CO survey of high-z radio galaxies, revisited with ALMA: Jet-cloud Alignments and Synchrotron Brightening by Molecular Gas in the Circumgalactic Environment
• The [C II] line emission as an interstellar medium probe in the MARIGOLD galaxies
• ALMACAL X: Constraints on molecular gas in the low-redshift circumgalactic medium
• Bright [CII]158$\mu$m Streamers as a Beacon for Giant Galaxy Formation in SPT2349$-$56 at $z=4.3$
• Gas-Poor Hosts and Gas-Rich Companions of $z\approx$3.5 Radio Active Galactic Nuclei: ALMA Insights into Jet Triggering and Feedback
• Exploring the gaseous halos of z>3 radio galaxies with UVES and JWST/NIRSpec
• Oxyster: A Circumgalactic Low-ionization Oxygen Nebula next to a Starburst Galaxy at $z\sim 1$