Variational Approach to Quantum Spin Liquid in a Rydberg Atom Simulator

Abstract

Recently the Rydberg blockade effect has been utilized to realize quantum spin liquid on the kagome lattice. Evidence of quantum spin liquid has been obtained experimentally by directly measuring non-local string order. In this letter, we report a BCS-type variational wave function study of the spin liquid state in this model. This wave function is motivated by mapping the Rydberg blockade model to a lattice gauge theory, where the local gauge conservations replace the role of constraints from the Rydberg blockade. We determine the variational parameter from the experimental measurement of the Rydberg atom population. Then we compare the predictions of this deterministic wave function with the experimental measurements of non-local string order. Combining the measurements on both open and closed strings, we extract the fluctuations only associated with the closed-loop as an indicator of the topological order. The prediction from our wave function agrees reasonably well with the experimental data without any fitting parameter. Our variational wave function provides a simple and intuitive picture of the quantum spin liquid in this system that can be generalized to various generalizations of the current model.

arXiv comment7 pages, 4 figures

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• Hidden orders and phase transitions for the fully packed quantum loop model on the triangular lattice
• Order-by-disorder and emergent Kosterlitz-Thouless phase in triangular Rydberg array
• Classification and emergence of quantum spin liquids in chiral Rydberg models
• Predicting Topological Entanglement Entropy in a Rydberg analog simulator
• Lattice Defects in Rydberg Atom Arrays
• Tuning excitation transport in a dissipative Rydberg ring
• Quantum subspace expansion approach for simulating dynamical response functions of Kitaev spin liquids
• Geometric phase and multipartite entanglement of Rydberg atom chains
• Random displacements in critical Rydberg atom arrays
• Partial confinement in a quantum-link simulator
• Doped resonating-valence-bond states: Robustness of the spin-ice phases in three-dimensional Rydberg arrays
• Shortcuts to Analog Preparation of Non-Equilibrium Quantum Lakes