High-Field Magnetometry with Hyperpolarized Nuclear Spins

Abstract

Quantum sensors have attracted broad interest in the quest towards sub-micronscale NMR spectroscopy. Such sensors predominantly operate at low magnetic fields. Instead, however, for high resolution spectroscopy, the high-field regime is naturally advantageous because it allows high absolute chemical shift discrimination. Here we propose and demonstrate a high-field spin magnetometer constructed from an ensemble of hyperpolarized ${}^{13}C$ nuclear spins in diamond. The ${}^{13}C$ nuclei are initialized via Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centers and protected along a transverse Bloch sphere axis for minute-long periods. When exposed to a time-varying (AC) magnetic field, they undergo secondary precessions that carry an imprint of its frequency and amplitude. The method harnesses long rotating frame ${}^{13}C$ sensor lifetimes $T_2^{\prime }>$20s, and their ability to be continuously interrogated. For quantum sensing at 7T and a single crystal sample, we demonstrate spectral resolution better than 100 mHz (corresponding to a frequency precision $<$1ppm) and single-shot sensitivity better than 70pT. We discuss the advantages of nuclear spin magnetometers over conventional NV center sensors, including deployability in randomly-oriented diamond particles and in optically scattering media. Since our technique employs densely-packed ${}^{13}C$ nuclei as sensors, it demonstrates a new approach for magnetometry in the "coupled-sensor" limit. This work points to interesting opportunities for microscale NMR chemical sensors constructed from hyperpolarized nanodiamonds and suggests applications of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in quantum sensing.

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• The Magnus expansion and some of its applications
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• Quantum sensing with arbitrary frequency resolution
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• Demonstration of diamond nuclear spin gyroscope
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• Rapidly enhanced spin polarization injection in an optically pumped spin ratchet
• Magnetic-field-dependent photodynamics of single NV defects in diamond: Application to qualitative all-optical magnetic imaging
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Cited by in corpus (10)

• All-Optical Nuclear Quantum Sensing using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Room-temperature quantum sensing with photoexcited triplet electrons in organic crystals
• Roadmap on Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Experimental observation of a time rondeau crystal: Temporal Disorder in Spatiotemporal Order
• Sensing with discrete time crystals
• Optical dynamic nuclear polarization of ${}^{13}$C spins in diamond at a low field with multi-tone microwave irradiation
• Nanoscale engineering and dynamical stabilization of mesoscopic spin textures
• Suppression of Pulsed Dynamic Nuclear Polarization by Many-Body Spin Dynamics
• Continuously tracked, stable, large excursion trajectories of dipolar coupled nuclear spins
• Wavelet-based Ramsey magnetometry enhancement of a single NV center in diamond