Optical dynamic nuclear polarization of ${}^{13}$C spins in diamond at a low field with multi-tone microwave irradiation

Abstract

Most of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has been requiring helium cryogenics and strong magnetic fields for a high degree of polarization. In this work, we instead demonstrate an optical hyperpolarization of naturally abundant ${}^{13}$C nuclei in a diamond crystal at a low magnetic field and an ambient temperature. It exploits continuous irradiations of pump laser for polarizing electron spins of nitrogen vacancy centers and microwave for transferring the induced polarization to ${}^{13}$C nuclear spins. Triplet structures corresponding to ${}^{14}$N hyperfine splitting were clearly observed in the spectrum of ${}^{13}$C polarization. The powers of microwave irradiation and pump laser were optimized. By simultaneously irradiating three microwave frequencies matching to the peaks of the triplet, we achieved a ${}^{13}$C bulk polarization of 0.113 %, leading to an enhancement of about a factor of 90,000 over the thermal polarization at 17.6 mT. We believe that the multi-tone irradiation can be universally adopted to further enhance the ${}^{13}$C polarization at a low magnetic field.

arXiv comment7 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (15)

• Temperature dependence of the nitrogen-vacancy magnetic resonance in diamond
• Recent developments in MAS DNP-NMR of materials
• In-vivo magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized silicon particles
• Bulk Nuclear Polarization Enhanced at Room-Temperature by Optical Pumping
• Orientation independent room-temperature optical 13C hyperpolarization in powdered diamond
• Local and bulk 13C hyperpolarization in NV-centered diamonds at variable fields and orientations
• Hyperpolarization-enhanced NMR spectroscopy with femtomole sensitivity using quantum defects in diamond
• Hyperpolarized Nanodiamond with Long Spin Relaxation Times
• Optically induced dynamic nuclear spin polarisation in diamond
• Demonstration of diamond nuclear spin gyroscope
• Enhanced dynamic nuclear polarization via swept microwave frequency combs
• Hyperpolarized relaxometry based nuclear T1 noise spectroscopy in hybrid diamond quantum registers
• High-Field Magnetometry with Hyperpolarized Nuclear Spins
• Optically-pumped dynamic nuclear hyperpolarization in ${}^{13}$C enriched diamond
• Dynamic nuclear polarization in InGaAs/GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots under non-resonant ultra-low power optical excitation