Indications of stellar coronal mass ejections through coronal dimmings

Abstract

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are huge expulsions of magnetized matter from the Sun and stars, traversing space with speeds of millions of kilometers per hour. Solar CMEs can cause severe space weather disturbances and consumer power outages on Earth, whereas stellar CMEs may even pose a hazard to the habitability of exoplanets. While CMEs ejected by our Sun can be directly imaged by white-light coronagraphs, for stars this is not possible. So far, only a few candidates for stellar CME detections are reported. Here we demonstrate a different approach, based on sudden dimmings in the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray emission caused by the CME mass loss. We report dimming detections associated with flares on cool stars, indicative of stellar CMEs and benchmarked by Sun-as-a-star EUV measurements. This study paves the way for comprehensive detections and characterizations of CMEs on stars, important for planetary habitability and stellar evolution.

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• The Stellar CME-flare relation: What do historic observations reveal?
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• MOST Observations of our Nearest Neighbor: Flares on Proxima Centauri
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Cited by in corpus (17)

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• Simulating the Space Weather in the AU Mic System: Stellar Winds and Extreme Coronal Mass Ejections
• Constraining the Physical Properties of Stellar Coronal Mass Ejections with Coronal Dimming: Application to Far Ultraviolet Data of $\epsilon$ Eridani
• Coronal Mass Ejections and Dimmings: A Comparative Study using MHD Simulations and SDO Observations
• Reconstructing the XUV Spectra of Active Sun-like Stars Using Solar Scaling Relations with Magnetic Flux
• Universal Scaling Laws for Solar and Stellar Atmospheric Heating: Catalog of Power-law Index between Solar Activity Proxies and Various Spectral Irradiances
• On the three-dimensional relation between the coronal dimming, erupting filament and CME. Case study of the 28 October 2021 X1.0 event
• Red Asymmetry of H${}_{\alpha }$ Line Profiles during the flares on the active RS CVn-type star II Pegasi
• X-ray detection of astrospheres around three main-sequence stars and their mass-loss rates
• The energetic particle environment of a GJ 436 b-like planet
• Measurements of the magnetic field strengths at the bases of stellar coronae using the magnetic-field-induced transition theory
• Stellar Energetic Particle Transport in the Turbulent and CME-disrupted Stellar Wind of AU~Microscopii
• Forward Modeling of Magnetic-field Measurements at the Bases of Stellar Coronae through Extreme-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
• Revisiting Empirical Solar Energetic Particle Scaling Relations II. Coronal Mass Ejections