Streaming Instability with Multiple Dust Species: II. Turbulence and Dust-Gas Dynamics at Nonlinear Saturation

Abstract

The streaming instability is a fundamental process that can drive dust-gas dynamics and ultimately planetesimal formation in protoplanetary discs. As a linear instability, it has been shown that its growth with a distribution of dust sizes can be classified into two distinct regimes, fast- and slow-growth, depending on the dust-size distribution and the total dust-to-gas density ratio $\epsilon$. Using numerical simulations of an unstratified disc, we bring three cases in different regimes into nonlinear saturation. We find that the saturation states of the two fast-growth cases are similar to its single-species counterparts. The one with maximum dimensionless stopping time ${\tau }_{\mathrm{s},\max }=0.1$ and $\epsilon =2$ drives turbulent vertical dust-gas vortices, while the other with ${\tau }_{\mathrm{s},\max }=2$ and $\epsilon =0.2$ leads to radial traffic jams and filamentary structures of dust particles. The dust density distribution for the former is flat in low densities, while the one for the latter has a low-end cutoff. By contrast, the one slow-growth case results in a virtually quiescent state. Moreover, we find that in the fast-growth regime, significant dust segregation by size occurs, with large particles moving towards dense regions while small particles remain in the diffuse regions, and the mean radial drift of each dust species is appreciably altered from the (initial) drag-force equilibrium. The former effect may skew the spectral index derived from multi-wavelength observations and change the initial size distribution of a pebble cloud for planetesimal formation. The latter along with turbulent diffusion may influence the radial transport and mixing of solid materials in young protoplanetary discs.

Accepted by MNRAS. 16 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables

References in corpus (16)

• Particle Stirring in Turbulent Gas Disks: Including Orbital Oscillations
• How to form planetesimals from mm-sized chondrules and chondrule aggregates
• Initial mass function of planetesimals formed by the streaming instability
• The Pencil Code, a modular MPI code for partial differential equations and particles: multipurpose and multiuser-maintained
• The Radial Distribution of Dust Particles in the HL Tau Disk from ALMA and VLA Observations
• Thresholds for Particle Clumping by the Streaming Instability
• Streaming Instability for Particle-Size Distributions
• On the Feeding Zone of Planetesimal Formation by the Streaming Instability
• Streaming Instability with Multiple Dust Species: I. Favourable Conditions for the Linear Growth
• Polydisperse Streaming Instability I. Tightly coupled particles and the terminal velocity approximation
• Polydisperse Streaming Instability III. Dust evolution encourages fast instability
• Streaming instability of multiple particle species II -- Numerical convergence with increasing particle number
• Polydisperse Streaming Instability II. Methods for solving the linear stability problem
• Radially resolved simulations of collapsing pebble clouds in protoplanetary discs
• Constraints on planetesimal accretion inferred from particle-size distribution in CO chondrites
• The radial structure of planetary bodies formed by the streaming instability

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Efficient planet formation by pebble accretion in ALMA rings
• Nucleation and growth of iron pebbles explains the formation of iron-rich planets akin to Mercury
• The coexistence of the streaming instability and the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks: Planetesimal formation thresholds explored in two-dimensional global models
• Planetesimal Initial Mass Functions following Diffusion Regulated Gravitational Collapse
• Direct Formation of Planetary Embryos in Self-Gravitating Disks
• Planetesimal formation via the streaming instability with multiple grain sizes
• Filling in the Gaps: Can Gravitationally Unstable Discs Form the Seeds of Gas Giant Planets?
• Dust-gas dynamics driven by the streaming instability with various pressure gradients
• Polydisperse Formation of Planetesimals: The dust size distribution in clumps
• Nonlinear evolution of streaming instabilities in accreting protoplanetary disks
• Planetesimal formation via the streaming instability in simulations of infall dominated young disks
• Nonlinear Outcome of Coagulation Instability in Protoplanetary Disks II: Dust Ring Formation Mediated by Backreaction and Fragmentation
• On Secular Gravitational Instability in Vertically Stratified Disks
• The Limited Role of the Streaming Instability During Moon and Exomoon Formation
• Eccentric dust ring formation in Kozai-Lidov gas disks
• Particle clustering in turbulence: Prediction of spatial and statistical properties with deep learning
• Resonant drag instabilities for polydisperse dust. II. The streaming and settling instabilities
• Filament formation due to diffusive instabilities in dusty protoplanetary disks
• Brightness variability in polar circumbinary disks
• Nonlinear Evolution of the Unstratified Polydisperse Dust Settling Instability
• Evading the dust fragmentation barrier with the streaming instability in protoplanetary disks
• Streaming instabilities in accreting protoplanetary disks: A parameter study