Exotic Superfluid Phases in Spin Polarized Systems on Optical Lattices

Abstract

Leveraging cutting-edge numerical methodologies, we study the ground state of the two-dimensional spin-polarized Fermi gas in an optical lattice. We focus on systems at high density and small spin polarization, corresponding to the parameter regime believed to be most favorable to the formation of the elusive Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) superfluid phase. Our systematic study of large lattice sizes, hosting nearly $500$ atoms, provides strong evidence of the stability of the FFLO state in this regime, as well as a high-accuracy characterization of its properties. Our results for the density correlation function reveal the existence of density order in the system, suggesting the possibility of an intricate coexistence of long-range orders in the ground state. The ground-state properties are seen to differ significantly from the standard mean-field description, providing a compelling avenue for future theoretical and experimental explorations of the interplay between interaction and superfluidity in an exotic phase of matter.

5 pages, 4 figures

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• Accelerating ground-state auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo simulations by delayed update and block force-bias update
• Spectrum of density, spin and pairing fluctuations of an attractive two-dimensional Fermi gas
• Precision thermodynamics of the strongly interacting Fermi gas in two dimensions
• Novel dynamical excitations and roton-based measurement of Cooper-pair momentum in a two-dimensional Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov superfluid on optical lattices
• Structures and proximity effects of inhomogeneous population-imbalanced Fermi gases with pairing interactions