Neutron star structure with a new force between quarks

Abstract

The discovery of nondiffuse sources of gravitational waves through compact-object mergers opens new prospects for the study of physics beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we study the effects of a new force between quarks, suggested by the gauging of baryon number, on pure neutron matter at supranuclear densities. This leads to a stiffening of the equation of state, allowing neutron stars to be both larger and heavier and possibly accommodating the light progenitor of GW190814 as a neutron star. The role of conventional three-body forces in neutron star structure is still poorly understood, though they can act in a similar way, implying that the mass and radius do not in themselves resolve whether new physics is coming into play. However, a crucial feature of the scenario we propose is that the regions of the new physics parameter space that induce observable changes to neutron star structure are testable at low-energy accelerator facilities. This testability distinguishes our scenario from other classes of new phenomena in dense matter.

9 pages, 3 figures; updated to match journal version

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• Neutron Stars with Baryon Number Violation, Probing Dark Sectors
• Prospects for Direct Detection of Black Hole Formation in Neutron Star Mergers with Next-Generation Gravitational-Wave Detectors
• Probing Dark Sectors with Neutron Stars
• Leptophobic dark photon interpretation of the ${\eta }^{\left(\prime \right)}\to {\pi }^0\left(\eta \right)\gamma \gamma$ puzzle
• Scientific Opportunities at the ARIEL Electron Linac
• $f$-mode Oscillations for Hyperons and H-dibaryons in Neutron Stars