A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).X. Formation of a red ultra-diffuse galaxy and an almost dark galaxy during a ram-pressure stripping event

Abstract

The evolution of galaxies depends on their interaction with the surrounding environment. Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) have been found in large numbers in clusters. We detected a few star-forming blobs in the VESTIGE survey, located at $\sim$5 kpc from a UDG, namely NGVS 3543, in association with an HI gas cloud AGC 226178, suggesting a recent interaction between this low-surface-brightness system and the surrounding cluster environment. We use a complete set of multi-frequency data including deep optical, UV, and narrow-band H$\alpha$ imaging and HI data to understand the formation process that gave birth to this peculiar system. For this purpose, we measured (i) the multi-wavelength radial surface brightness profiles of NGVS 3543 and compared them to the predictions of spectro-photometric models of galaxy evolution in rich clusters; and (ii) the aperture photometry of the blue regions in the vicinity of NGVS 3543 in order to determine their age and stellar mass. Comparisons of the observations with evolutionary models indicate that NGVS 3543 has undergone a ram-pressure stripping (RPS) that peaked $\sim$100 Myr ago, transforming a blue gas-rich UDG into a red gas-poor UDG. Star formation has taken place in the ram pressure stripped gas, the mass of which is $\sim$10${}^8$ M${}_{\odot }$, forming star complexes with a typical age of $\sim$20 Myr and a stellar mass of $\sim$10${}^4$ M${}_{\odot }$. These results suggest that we are observing for the first time the ongoing transformation of a gas-rich UDG into a red and quiescent UDG under the effect of a ram pressure stripping event. The same process could explain the lack of star-forming UDGs in rich environments observed in several nearby clusters.

20 pages, 11 Figures, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (29)

• The origin of dwarf ellipticals in the Virgo cluster
• CARS: the CFHTLS-Archive-Research Survey; I. Five-band multi-colour data from 37 sq. deg. CFHTLS-Wide observations
• The strong transformation of spiral galaxies infalling into massive clusters at z~0.2
• The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey (GUViCS). IV: The role of the cluster environment on galaxy evolution
• The fate of spiral galaxies in clusters: the star formation history of the anemic Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4569
• The formation and evolution of low-surface-brightness galaxies
• Strange filamentary structures ("fireballs") around a merger galaxy in the Coma cluster of galaxies
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XXX. Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies and their Globular Cluster Systems
• Tidal debris from high-velocity collisions as fake dark galaxies: A numerical model of VirgoHI21
• The ALFALFA "Almost Darks" Campaign: Pilot VLA HI Observations of Five High Mass-to-Light Ratio Systems
• IC 3418: Star Formation in a Turbulent Wake
• Ultra-diffuse galaxies without dark matter
• Observational Properties of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in the Field: Field-UDGs are Predominantly Blue and Starforming
• The origin of the mu_e - M_B and Kormendy relations in dwarf elliptical galaxies
• (Almost) Dark HI Sources in the ALFALFA Survey: The Intriguing Case of HI1232+20
• GASP XXI. Star formation rates in the tails of galaxies undergoing ram-pressure stripping
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).IX. The effects of ram pressure stripping down to the scale of individual HII regions in the dwarf galaxy IC 3476
• NIHAO XXI: The emergence of Low Surface Brightness galaxies
• The Effect of Ram-Pressure Stripping on Dwarf Galaxies
• Spitzer Observations of Low Luminosity Isolated and Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• Exploring Infrared Properties of Giant Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• The properties of the Malin 1 galaxy giant disk: A panchromatic view from the NGVS and GUViCS surveys
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XV. The photometric redshift estimation for background sources
• Self-consistent Color-Mass-to-Light-Ratio relations for Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• The Enigmatic (Almost) Dark Galaxy Coma P: Distance Measurement and Stellar Populations from HST Imaging
• A very dark stellar system lost in Virgo: kinematics and metallicity of SECCO1 with MUSE
• The distribution of dark galaxies and spin bias
• A 5deg x 5deg deep HI survey of the M81 group: II. HI distribution and kinematics of IC 2574 and HIJASS J1021+68
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission. VESTIGE VIII. Bridging the cluster-ICM-galaxy evolution at small scales

Cited by in corpus (16)

• Ram Pressure Stripping in High-Density Environments
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).XIII. The role of ram-pressure stripping in transforming the diffuse and ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Virgo cluster
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).XIV. The main sequence relation in a rich environment down to M_star ~ 10^6 Mo
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).XII. Ionised gas emission in the inner regions of lenticular galaxies
• A Tale of a Tail: A Tidally-Disrupting Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy in the M81 Group
• AGC 226178 and NGVS 3543: Two deceptive dwarfs towards Virgo
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) XV. The Halpha luminosity function of the Virgo cluster
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE).XI. Two dimensional H$\alpha$ kinematics of the edge-on ram pressure stripped galaxy NGC 4330
• PEARLS: Low Stellar Density Galaxies in the El Gordo Cluster Observed with JWST
• A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) XVII. Statistical properties of individual HII regions in unperturbed systems
• Young, blue, and isolated stellar systems in the Virgo Cluster. I. 2-D Optical spectroscopy
• Unveiling the nature and fate of the almost-dark cloud AGC 226178 through HI mapping
• Characterizing the outer disk of eXtended-UV galaxies in the optical domain with deep surveys
• Ultra Diffuse Galaxies in clusters : the peculiar gas loss of VCC 1964
• Young, blue, and isolated stellar systems in the Virgo Cluster. II. A new class of stellar system
• The influence of the Cosmic Web on the properties of dwarf galaxies in the Fornax-Eridanus Supercluster