How to build Hamiltonians that transport noncommuting charges in quantum thermodynamics
arXiv:2103.14041 · doi:10.1038/s41534-022-00516-4
Abstract
Noncommuting conserved quantities have recently launched a subfield of quantum thermodynamics. In conventional thermodynamics, a system of interest and an environment exchange quantities -- energy, particles, electric charge, etc. -- that are globally conserved and are represented by Hermitian operators. These operators were implicitly assumed to commute with each other, until a few years ago. Freeing the operators to fail to commute has enabled many theoretical discoveries -- about reference frames, entropy production, resource-theory models, etc. Little work has bridged these results from abstract theory to experimental reality. This paper provides a methodology for building this bridge systematically: We present a prescription for constructing Hamiltonians that conserve noncommuting quantities globally while transporting the quantities locally. The Hamiltonians can couple arbitrarily many subsystems together and can be integrable or nonintegrable. Our Hamiltonians may be realized physically with superconducting qudits, with ultracold atoms, and with trapped ions.
6.5 pages + appendices. Version accepted by npj Quantum Information
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- Experimental observation of thermalization with noncommuting charges
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- Non-Abelian transport distinguishes three usually equivalent notions of entropy production
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- Thermalization and dephasing in collisional reservoirs
- Randomized measurement protocols for lattice gauge theories
- Theory of Quantum Circuits with Abelian Symmetries
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