The black hole transient MAXI J1348-630: evolution of the compact and transient jets during its 2019/2020 outburst

Abstract

We present the radio and X-ray monitoring campaign of the 2019/2020 outburst of MAXI J1348-630, a new black hole X-ray binary (XRB) discovered in 2019 January. We observed MAXI J1348-630 for $\sim$14 months in the radio band with MeerKAT and the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), and in the X-rays with MAXI and Swift/XRT. Throughout the outburst we detected and tracked the evolution of the compact and transient jets. Following the main outburst, the system underwent at least 4 hard-state-only re-flares, during which compact jets were again detected. For the major outburst, we observed the rise, quenching, and re-activation of the compact jets, as well as two single-sided discrete ejecta, launched $\sim$2 months apart and travelling away from the black hole. These ejecta displayed the highest proper motion ($\gtrsim$100 mas day${}^{-1}$) ever measured for an accreting black hole binary. From the jet motion, we constrain the ejecta inclination and speed to be $\le$46${}^{\circ }$ and $\ge$0.69 $c$, and the opening angle and transverse expansion speed of the first component to be $\le$6${}^{\circ }$ and $\le$0.05 $c$. We also infer that the first ejection happened at the hard-to-soft state transition, before a strong radio flare, while the second ejection was launched during a short excursion from the soft to the intermediate state. After traveling with constant speed, the first component underwent a strong deceleration, which was covered with unprecedented detail and suggested that MAXI J1348-630 could be located inside a low-density cavity in the interstellar medium, as already proposed for XTE J1550-564 and H1743-322.

27 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (21)

• The 1.28 GHz MeerKAT Galactic Center Mosaic
• The NICER "Reverberation Machine": A Systematic Study of Time Lags in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries
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• Modeling the kinematics of the decelerating jets from the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1348$-$630
• Detailed analysis on the reflection component for the black hole candidate MAXI J1348-630
• Transitions and Origin of the Type-B Quasi-Periodic Oscillation in the Black Hole X-ray Binary MAXI~ J1348--630
• NuSTAR monitoring of MAXI J1348-630: evidence of high density disc reflection
• MAXI J1848-015: The First Detection of Relativistically Moving Outflows from a Globular Cluster X-ray Binary
• Fast transitions of X-ray variability in the black hole transient GX 339--4: comparison with MAXI J1820+070 and MAXI J1348-630
• Radio observations of the Black Hole X-ray Binary EXO 1846-031 re-awakening from a 34-year slumber
• Time-dependent visibility modelling of a relativistic jet in the X-ray binary MAXI J1803-298
• Bursts from Space: MeerKAT - The first citizen science project dedicated to commensal radio transients
• Seven reflares, a mini-outburst and an outburst : High amplitude optical variations in the black hole X-ray binary Swift J1910.2-0546
• No Need for an Extreme Jet Energy in the Black-Hole X-Ray Binary MAXI J1348--630
• Long term radio monitoring of the neutron star X-ray binary Swift J1858.6-0814
• Comprehensive Radio Monitoring of the Black Hole X-ray Binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613 during its 2023$-$2024 Outburst
• Investigating the nature and properties of MAXI J1810-222 with radio and X-ray observations
• The Origin of Radio Emission in Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• A Multi-wavelength Characterization of the 2023 Outburst of MAXI J1807+132: Manifestations of Disk Instability and Jet Emission
• An Ejection Event Captured by VLBI During the Outburst of Swift J1727.8$-$1613
• The black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1348$-$630 in quiescence