Time lags of the type-B QPO in MAXI J1348-630

Abstract

The fast variability observed in the X-ray emission from black-hole binaries has a very complex phenomenology, but offers the possibility to investigate directly the properties of the inner accretion flow. In particular, type-B oscillations in the 2-8 Hz range, observed in the Soft-Intermediate state, have been associated to the emission from a relativistic jet. We present the results of the timing and spectral analysis of a set of observations of the bright transient MAXI J1348-630 made with the NICER telescope. The observations are in the brightest part of the outburst and all feature a strong type-B QPO at ~4.5 Hz. We compute the energy dependence of the fractional rms and the phase lags at the QPO frequency, obtaining high signal-to-noise data and sampling for the first time at energies below 2 keV. The fractional rms decreases from more than 10% at 9 keV to 0.6% at 1.5 keV, and is constant below that energy. Taking the 2-3 keV band as reference, photons at all energies show a hard lag, increasing with the distance from the reference band. The behaviour below 2 keV has never been observed before, due to the higher energy bandpass of previous timing instruments. The energy spectrum can be fitted with a standard model for this state, consisting of a thin disc component and a harder power law, plus an emission line between 6 and 7 keV. We discuss the results, concentrating on the phase lags, and show that they can be interpreted within a Comptonization model.

6, pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• The comptonizing medium of the black-hole X-ray binary MAXI~J1535$-$571 through type-C quasi-periodic oscillations
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• Broadband Spectral and Timing Properties of MAXI J1348-630 using AstroSat and NICER Observations
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• AstroSat view of the newly discovered X-ray transient MAXI~J1803--298 in the Hard-intermediate state
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• Spectro-temporal studies of rapid transition of the quasi periodic oscillations in the black hole source H1743-322
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• Timing Analysis of a New Black Hole Candidate MAXI J1803-298 with Insight-HXMT and NICER
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• A moderate spin for the black hole in X-ray binary MAXI J1348-630 revealed by Insight-HXMT
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• A journey from the hard to the soft state: How do QPOs evolve in the 2021 outburst of GX 339-4?
• Broadband Spectral properties of MAXI J1348--630 using AstroSat Observations
• Probing black-hole accretion through time variability
• Black-hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8$-$1613 shows simultaneous Type-B and Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations across the hard-intermediate and soft-intermediate states
• Search for the Highest-energy Quasiperiodic Oscillation in the Black Hole X-Ray Binary Candidate Swift J1727.8-1613
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