Observing light-induced Floquet band gaps in the longitudinal conductivity of graphene

Abstract

We propose optical longitudinal conductivity as a realistic observable to detect light-induced Floquet band gaps in graphene. These gaps manifest as resonant features in the conductivity, when resolved with respect to the probing frequency and the driving field strength. We demonstrate these features via a dissipative master equation approach which gives access to a frequency- and momentum-resolved electron distribution. This distribution follows the light-induced Floquet-Bloch bands, resulting in a natural interpretation as occupations of these bands. Furthermore, we show that there are population inversions of the Floquet-Bloch bands at the band gaps for sufficiently strong driving field strengths. This strongly reduces the conductivity at the corresponding frequencies. Therefore our proposal puts forth not only an unambiguous demonstration of light-induced Floquet-Bloch bands, which advances the field of Floquet engineering in solids, but also points out the control of transport properties via light, that derives from the electron distribution on these bands.

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• Valley-dependent giant orbital moments and transport feature in rhombohedral graphene multilayers
• Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides under finite-pulse polarized radiation
• Terahertz amplifiers based on gain reflectivity in cuprate superconductors
• Photoinduced dc Hall current in few-layer black phosphorus with a gate-tunable Floquet gap
• Bulk photogalvanic current control and gap spectroscopy in 2D hexagonal materials
• Stability of Floquet sidebands and quantum coherence in 1D strongly interacting spinless fermions
• Frequency dependence of the light-induced Hall effect in dissipative graphene
• Non-linear photoconductivity of strongly driven graphene
• Floquet Engineering of Non-Equilibrium Superradiance
• Robustness of the Floquet-assisted superradiant phase and possible laser operation