Evidence for multiband superconductivity and charge density waves in Ni-doped ZrTe${}_2$

Abstract

We carried out a comprehensive study of the electronic, magnetic, and thermodynamic properties of Ni-doped ZrTe${}_2$. High quality Ni${}_{0.04}$ZrTe${}_{1.89}$ single crystals show a possible coexistence of charge density waves (CDW, T${}_{CDW}\approx 287$\,K) with superconductivity (T${}_c\approx 4.1$\,K), which we report here for the first time. The temperature dependence of the lower (H${}_{c_1}$) and upper (H${}_{c_2}$) critical magnetic fields both deviate significantly from the behaviors expected in conventional single-gap s-wave superconductors. However, the behaviors of the normalized superfluid density ${\rho }_s(T)$ and H${}_{c_2}(T)$ can be described well using a two-gap model for the Fermi surface, in a manner consistent with conventional multiband superconductivity. Electrical resistivity and specific heat measurements show clear anomalies centered near 287\,K consistent with a CDW phase transition. Additionally, electronic-structure calculations support the coexistence of electron-phonon multiband superconductivity and CDW order due to the compensated disconnected nature of the electron- and hole-pockets at the Fermi surface. Our electronic structure calculations also suggest that ZrTe${}_2$ could reach a non-trivial topological type-II Dirac semimetallic state. These findings highlight that Ni-doped ZrTe2 can be uniquely important for probing the coexistence of superconducting and CDW ground states in an electronic system with non-trivial topology.

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