General Method for Classicality Certification in the Prepare and Measure Scenario

Abstract

Preparation and measurement of physical systems are the operational building blocks of any physical experiment, and to describe them is the first purpose of any physical theory. It is remarkable that, in some situations, even when only preparation and measurement devices of a single system are present and they are uncharacterized, it is possible to distinguish between the behaviours of quantum and classical systems relying only on observational data. Certifying the physical origin of measurement statistics in the prepare and measure scenario is of primal importance for developing quantum networks, distributing quantum keys and certifying randomness, to mention a few applications, but, surprisingly, no general methods to do so are known. We progress on this problem by crafting a general, sufficient condition to certify that a given set of preparations can only generate classical statistics, for any number of generalized measurements. As an application, we employ the method to demonstrate non-classicality activation in the prepare and measure scenario, also considering its application in random access codes. Following that, we adapt our method to certify, again through a sufficient condition, whether a given set of measurements can never give rise to non-classical behaviors, irrespective of what preparations they may act upon. This, in turn, allows us to find a large set of incompatible measurements that cannot be used to demonstrate non-classicality, thus showing incompatibility is not sufficient for non-classicality in the prepare and measure scenario.

arXiv comment10 pages, 7 figures; comments are welcome

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• Certification of qubits in the prepare-and-measure scenario with large input alphabet and connections with the Grothendieck constant
• Interplays between classical and quantum entanglement-assisted communication scenarios
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• Prepare-and-Magic: Semi-Device Independent Magic Certification in the Prepare-and-Measure Scenario
• Towards minimal self-testing of qubit states and measurements in prepare-and-measure scenarios
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• Self-testing in a constrained prepare-measure scenario sans assuming quantum dimension
• Classifying Measurement Incompatibility under Classical Pre- and Post-Processing Operations
• On compatibility of binary qubit measurements
• Quantum description of reality is epistemically incomplete