Systematic Study of AGN Clumpy Tori with Broadband X-ray Spectroscopy: Updated Unified Picture of AGN Structure

Abstract

We present the results of a systematic, broadband X-ray spectral analysis of nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with the X-ray clumpy torus model (XCLUMPY; Tanimoto et al. 2019). By adding 16 AGNs newly analyzed in this paper, we study total 28 AGNs including unabsorbed and absorbed AGNs taken from Ichikawa et al. (2015) and García-Bernete et al. (2019). This is the largest sample whose X-ray and infrared spectra are analyzed by the clumpy torus models XCLUMPY and CLUMPY (Nenkova et al. 2008), respectively. The relation between the Eddington ratio and the torus covering factor determined from the X-ray torus parameters of each object follows the trend found by Ricci et al. (2017) based on a statistical analysis. We confirm the results by Tanimoto et al. (2020) that (1) the torus angular widths determined by the infrared data are larger than those by the X-ray data and that (2) the ratios of the hydrogen column density to V-band extinction ($N_{\mathrm{H}}/A_{\mathrm{V}}$) along the line of sight in obscured AGNs are similar to the Galactic value on average. Unobscured AGNs show apparently smaller line-of-sight $N_{\mathrm{H}}/A_{\mathrm{V}}$ ratios than the Galactic one. Our findings can be well explained by an updated unified picture of AGN structure including a dusty torus, dusty polar outflows, and dust-free gas, where the inclination determines the X-ray and optical classifications and observed torus properties in the X-ray and infrared bands.

24 pages, 6 figures, and 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (20)

• AGN Dusty Tori: I. Handling of Clumpy Media
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey - V. X-ray properties of the Swift/BAT 70-month AGN catalog
• The role of the reflection fraction in constraining black hole spin
• The close environments of accreting massive black holes are shaped by radiative feedback
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey I: Spectral Measurements, Derived Quantities, and AGN Demographics
• Seyfert galaxies in the local Universe (z$\le$ 0.1): the average X-ray spectrum as seen by $BeppoSAX$
• The broad band spectral variability of MCG-6-30-15 observed by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton
• On the difference of torus geometry between hidden and non-hidden broad line active galactic nuclei
• A New Method for Measuring Extragalactic Distances
• Torus model properties of an ultra-hard X-ray selected sample of Seyfert galaxies
• A Long Look At MCG-5-23-16 With NuSTAR: I- Relativistic Reflection And Coronal Properties
• The variable and non-variable X-ray absorbers in Compton-thin type-II Active Galactic Nuclei
• The narrow Fe K$\alpha$ line and the molecular torus in active galactic nuclei - an IR/X-ray view
• Sensitivity of the Fe K-alpha Compton shoulder to the geometry and variability of the X-ray illumination of cosmic objects
• A Low-Mass Black Hole in the Nearby Seyfert Galaxy UGC 06728
• Application of X-Ray Clumpy Torus Model (XCLUMPY) to 10 Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei Observed with Suzaku and NuSTAR
• Reflection geometries in absorbed and unabsorbed AGN
• Application of Clumpy Torus Model to Broadband X-ray Spectra of Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies: IC 4329A and NGC 7469
• Nature of Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in "Non-merging'' Luminous Infrared Galaxies UGC 2608 and NGC 5135 Revealed with Broadband X-ray Spectroscopy
• X-ray signatures of the polar dusty gas in AGN

Cited by in corpus (5)

• The Galaxy Activity, Torus and Outflow Survey (GATOS): II. Torus and polar dust emission in nearby Seyfert galaxies
• Galaxy properties of type 1 and 2 X-ray selected AGN and comparison among different classification criteria
• The role of AGN and its obscuration on the position of the host galaxy relative to Main Sequence
• The post-Herschel view of intrinsic AGN emission: constructing templates for galaxy and AGN emission at IR wavelengths
• Accretion environments of active galactic nuclei