Enhanced Lidov-Kozai migration and the formation of the transiting giant planet WD1856+534b

Abstract

We investigate the possible origin of the transiting giant planet WD1856+534b, the first strong exoplanet candidate orbiting a white dwarf, through high-eccentricity migration (HEM) driven by the Lidov-Kozai (LK) effect. The host system's overall architecture is an hierarchical quadruple in the '2+2' configuration, owing to the presence of a tertiary companion system of two M-dwarfs. We show that a secular inclination resonance in 2+2 systems can significantly broaden the LK window for extreme eccentricity excitation ($e\gtrsim 0.999$), allowing the giant planet to migrate for a wide range of initial orbital inclinations. Octupole effects can also contribute to the broadening of this 'extreme' LK window. By requiring that perturbations from the companion stars be able to overcome short-range forces and excite the planet's eccentricity to $e\simeq 1$, we obtain an absolute limit of $a_1\gtrsim 8\mathrm{AU}(a_3/1500\mathrm{AU}{)}^{6/7}$ for the planet's semi-major axis just before migration (where $a_3$ is the semi-major axis of the 'outer' orbit). We suggest that, to achieve a wide LK window through the 2+2 resonance, WD1856b likely migrated from $30\mathrm{AU}\lesssim a_1\lesssim 60\mathrm{AU}$, corresponding to $\sim 10$--$20\mathrm{AU}$ during the host's main-sequence phase. We discuss possible difficulties of all flavours of HEM affecting the occurrence rate of short-period giant planets around white dwarfs.

arXiv comment8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; MNRAS 501 (2021) 507-514

References in corpus (59)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST). I: Solar-Scaled Models
• Shrinking binary and planetary orbits by Kozai cycles with tidal friction
• Planet Migration and Binary Companions: the case of HD 80606b
• Origins of Hot Jupiters
• A Tidally-Disrupted Asteroid Around the White Dwarf G29-38
• A disintegrating minor planet transiting a white dwarf
• Are There Unstable Planetary Systems Around White Dwarfs?
• Secular Chaos and the Production of Hot Jupiters
• The frequency of planetary debris around young white dwarfs
• A $Gaia$ Data Release 2 catalogue of white dwarfs and a comparison with SDSS
• Ancient planetary systems are orbiting a large fraction of white dwarf stars
• Infrared Signatures of Disrupted Minor Planets at White Dwarfs
• The Initial-Final Mass Relation: Direct Constraints at the Low Mass End
• On the Formation of Hot Jupiters in Stellar Binaries
• The Link Between Planetary Systems, Dusty White Dwarfs, and Metal Polluted White Dwarfs
• Foretellings of Ragnarök: World-engulfing Asymptotic Giants and the Inheritance of White Dwarfs
• Suppression of extreme orbital evolution in triple systems with short range forces
• Can Planets survive Stellar Evolution?
• Hot Jupiters from Coplanar High-eccentricity Migration
• Consequences of the Ejection and Disruption of Giant Planets
• Steady-state planet migration by the Kozai-Lidov mechanism in stellar binaries
• A Giant Planet Candidate Transiting a White Dwarf
• Statistics of Long Period Gas Giant Planets in Known Planetary Systems
• Formation and Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment of Hot Jupiters from Lidov-Kozai Oscillations in Stellar Binaries
• Eccentric Planets and Stellar Evolution as a Cause of Polluted White Dwarfs
• Accretion of a giant planet onto a white dwarf
• Long-term evolution of three-planet systems to the post-Main Sequence and beyond
• The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits. IV. Gravitational instability rarely forms wide, giant planets
• Unstable low-mass planetary systems as drivers of white dwarf pollution
• Detectable close-in planets around white dwarfs through late unpacking
• The unbiased frequency of planetary signatures around single and binary white dwarfs using $Spitzer$ and $Hubble$
• Secular dynamics of hierarchical multiple systems composed of nested binaries, with an arbitrary number of bodies and arbitrary hierarchical structure. First applications to multiplanet and multistar systems
• Enhanced Black-Hole Mergers in Binary-Binary Interactions
• Greatly Enhanced Eccentricity Oscillations in Quadruple Systems Composed of Two Binaries: Implications for Stars, Planets, and Transients
• Planetary engulfment as a trigger for white dwarf pollution
• Chaotic Tides in Migrating Gas Giants: Forming Hot and Transient Warm Jupiters via High-Eccentricity Migration
• Full-lifetime simulations of multiple unequal-mass planets across all phases of stellar evolution
• Throwing Icebergs at White Dwarfs
• A wide binary trigger for white dwarf pollution
• Secular dynamics of hierarchical quadruple systems: the case of a triple system orbited by a fourth body
• Secular chaotic dynamics in hierarchical quadruple systems, with applications to hot Jupiters in stellar binaries and triples
• White dwarf pollution by planets in stellar binaries
• The Occurrence of Wide-Orbit Planets in Binary Star Systems
• Diffusive Tidal Evolution for Migrating hot Jupiters
• Formation of Hot Jupiters through Secular Chaos and Dynamical Tides
• The formation efficiency of close-in planets via Lidov-Kozai migration: analytic calculations
• The occurrence of planets and other substellar bodies around white dwarfs using K2
• Secular dynamics of multiplanet systems: implications for the formation of hot and warm Jupiters via high-eccentricity migration
• In-Situ Scattering of Warm Jupiters and Implications for Dynamical Histories
• A search for planetary eclipses of white dwarfs in the Pan-STARRS1 medium-deep fields
• Dynamics of Quadruple Systems Composed of Two Binaries: Stars, White Dwarfs, and Implications for Ia Supernovae
• Giant Planets, Tiny Stars: Producing Short-Period Planets around White Dwarfs with the Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Mechanism
• Dynamical Tides in Highly Eccentric Binaries: Chaos, Dissipation and Quasi-Steady State
• Kozai Migration Naturally Explains the White Dwarf Planet WD1856b
• Giant Planet Scatterings and Collisions: Hydrodynamics, Merger-Ejection Branching Ratio, and Properties of the Remnants
• Tidal circularization of gaseous planets orbiting white dwarfs
• Extreme Secular Excitation of Eccentricity Inside Mean Motion Resonance: Driving Small Bodies into Star-Grazing Orbits by Planetary Perturbations

Cited by in corpus (33)

• Close detached white dwarf + brown dwarf binaries: further evidence for low values of the common envelope efficiency
• WD 1856 b: a close giant planet around a white dwarf that could have survived a common-envelope phase
• Giant Planets, Tiny Stars: Producing Short-Period Planets around White Dwarfs with the Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Mechanism
• Planetary Systems Around White Dwarfs
• Do instabilities in high-multiplicity systems explain the existence of close-in white dwarf planets?
• Giant planet engulfment by evolved giant stars: light curves, asteroseismology, and survivability
• Successive common envelope events from multiple planets
• Secular chaos in white-dwarf planetary systems: origins of metal pollution and short-period planetary companions
• A red giant branch common envelope evolution scenario for the exoplanet WD 1856 b
• 10,000 Resolved Triples from Gaia: Empirical Constraints on Triple Star Populations
• The Influence of Tidal Heating on the Habitability of Planets Orbiting White Dwarfs
• Hydrodynamics and survivability during post-main-sequence planetary engulfment
• Can Gaia find planets around white dwarfs?
• On the pollution of white dwarfs by exo-Oort cloud comets
• A transmission spectrum of the planet candidate WD 1856+534 b and a lower limit to its mass
• Gemini/GMOS Transmission Spectroscopy of the Grazing Planet Candidate WD 1856+534 b
• Mergers prompted by dynamics in compact, multiple-star systems: a stellar-reduction case for the massive triple TIC 470710327
• Extremely Inclined Orbit of S-type Planet $\gamma$ Cep Ab Induced by Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Mechanism
• The post-main-sequence fate of the HR 8799 planetary system
• Librating Kozai-Lidov Cycles with a Precessing Quadrupole Potential are Analytically Approximately Solved
• Gaia0007-1605: an old triple system with an inner brown dwarf-white dwarf binary and an outer white dwarf companion
• Analytic understanding of the resonant nature of Kozai Lidov Cycles with a precessing quadrupole potential
• Potential for life to exist and be detected on Earth-like planets orbiting white dwarfs
• TTV Constraints on Additional Planets in the WD 1856+534 system
• Rapid expansion of red giant stars during core helium flash by waves propagation to the envelope and implications to exoplanets
• Two substellar survivor candidates; one found and one missing
• Small and Close-In Planets are Uncommon Around A-type Stars
• Common envelope evolution and triple dynamics as potential pathways to form the inner white dwarf + brown dwarf binary of the triple star system Gaia 0007-1605
• Aerosols and hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of a white dwarf planet
• Partial disruption of a planet around a white dwarf: the effect of perturbation from the remnant planet on the accretion
• The Formation of Double Hot Jupiter Systems through von Zeipel-Lidov-Kozai Migration
• Short-Range Forces Can Catalyze Extreme Orbital Evolution in Hierarchical Triples
• Atmospheric Signatures of Common Envelope Evolution in White Dwarf Planets