Theory of Microwave-Optical Conversion Using Rare-Earth Ion Dopants

Abstract

We develop a theoretical description of a device for coherent conversion of microwave to optical photons. For the device, dopant ions in a crystal are used as three-level systems, and interact with the fields inside overlapping microwave and optical cavities. We develop a model for the cavity fields interacting with an ensemble of ions, and model the ions using an open quantum systems approach, while accounting for the effect of inhomogeneous broadening. Numerical methods are developed to allow us to accurately simulate the device. We also further develop a simplified model, applicable in the case of small cavity fields which is relevant to quantum information applications. This simplified model is used to predict the maximum conversion efficiency of the device. We investigate the effect of various parameters, and predict that conversion efficiency of above 80% should be possible with currently existing experimental setups inside a dilution refrigerator.

arXiv comment10 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (4)

• Probing Strong Coupling between a Microwave Cavity and a Spin Ensemble with Raman Heterodyne Spectroscopy
• Observation of Acoustically Induced Dressed States of Rare-Earth Ions
• Dielectric microwave resonator with large optical apertures for spin-based quantum devices
• Nanocavity-mediated Purcell enhancement of Er in TiO${}_2$ thin films grown via atomic layer deposition