Probing Interacting Dark Energy and Scattering of Baryons with Dark Matter in Light of EDGES 21cm Signal

Abstract

The EDGES experiment has observed an excess trough ($-500_{-500}^{+200}$ mK) in the brightness temperature $T_{21}$ of the 21cm absorption line of neutral Hydrogen atom (HI) from the era of cosmic dawn ($z\simeq 17.2$). We consider possible interaction of Dark Matter and Dark Energy fluid along with the cooling off of the baryon matter by its collision with Dark Matter to explain the observed excess trough of $T_{21}$. We make use of three different Dark Matter-Dark Energy (DM-DE) interaction models to taste the viability of those models in explaining the EDGES results. The evolution of Hubble parameter is modified by DM-DE interactions and this is also addressed in this work. This in turn influences the optical depth of HI 21cm as well as the baryon temperature and thus effects the $T_{21}$ brightness temperature. In addition we also find that the DM-DE interaction enables us to explore Dark Matter with varied mass regimes and their viabilities in terms of satisfying the EDGES result.

19 pages, 10 figures

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• I. Linear Interacting Dark Energy: Analytical Solutions and Theoretical Pathologies
• Late-time Background Constraints on Linear and Non-linear Interacting Dark Energy after DESI DR2
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• Probing Interacting Dark Sectors with upcoming Post-Reionization and Galaxy Surveys
• Implications of the cosmological 21-cm absorption profile for high-redshift star formation and deep JWST surveys