Integration of topological insulator Josephson junctions in superconducting qubit circuits

Abstract

The integration of semiconductor Josephson junctions (JJs) in superconducting quantum circuits provides a versatile platform for hybrid qubits and offers a powerful way to probe exotic quasiparticle excitations. Recent proposals for using circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) to detect topological superconductivity motivate the integration of novel topological materials in such circuits. Here, we report on the realization of superconducting transmon qubits implemented with $(B{i}_{0.06}S{b}_{0.94}{)}_{2}T{e}_3$ topological insulator (TI) JJs using ultra-high vacuum fabrication techniques. Microwave losses on our substrates with monolithically integrated hardmask, used for selective area growth of TI nanostructures, imply microsecond limits to relaxation times and thus their compatibility with strong-coupling cQED. We use the cavity-qubit interaction to show that the Josephson energy of TI-based transmons scales with their JJ dimensions and demonstrate qubit control as well as temporal quantum coherence. Our results pave the way for advanced investigations of topological materials in both novel Josephson and topological qubits.

A second experimental run allowed for time-domain measurements of a TI-based transmon qubit. In the updated manuscript additional data on qubit control and coherence are included. Taking account of these new results, the focus and the title of the manuscript have been reworked, 14 pages, 10 figures

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