Atomic Bose-Einstein condensate to molecular Bose-Einstein condensate transition

Abstract

Preparation of molecular quantum gas promises novel applications including quantum control of chemical reactions, precision measurements, quantum simulation and quantum information processing. Experimental preparation of colder and denser molecular samples, however, is frequently hindered by fast inelastic collisions that heat and deplete the population. Here we report the formation of two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of spinning $g-$wave molecules by inducing pairing interactions in an atomic condensate. The trap geometry and the low temperature of the molecules help reducing inelastic loss to ensure thermal equilibrium. We determine the molecular scattering length to be $+220(30)$~Bohr and investigate the unpairing dynamics in the strong coupling regime. Our work confirms the long-sought transition between atomic and molecular condensates, the bosonic analog of the BEC-BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schieffer superfluid) crossover in a Fermi gas.

arXiv comment10 pages, 6 figures

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• Bose-enhanced relaxation of driven atom-molecule condensates
• Quantum Triticality of Bosonic Atomic-Molecular Mixtures with Feshbach Coupling
• Optically trapped Feshbach molecules of fermionic ${}^{161}$Dy and ${}^{40}$K: Role of light-induced and collisional losses
• Observation of high partial-wave Feshbach resonances in ${}^{39}$K Bose-Einstein condensates
• Single Particle Spectroscopies of $p$-wave and $d$-wave Interacting Bose Gases in Normal Phase
• Tunable Molecular Interactions Near an Atomic Feshbach Resonance: Stability and Collapse of a Molecular Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Lifetime of Excitations in Atomic and Molecular Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Probing non-Gaussian correlations through entanglement generation in a many-body quantum system
• Competing Bosonic Reactions: Insight from Exactly Solvable Time-Dependent Models
• The Second Order 2D Behaviors of a 3D Bose Gases in the Gross-Pitaevskii Regime
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• Reformulating Chemical Equilibrium in Reacting Quantum Gas Mixtures: Particle Number Conservation, Correlations and Fluctuations
• Condensation driven by a quantum phase transition
• First-order phase transition in atom-molecule quantum degenerate mixtures with coherent three-body recombination