Emergence and disruption of spin-charge separation in one-dimensional repulsive fermions

Abstract

At low temperature, collective excitations of one-dimensional (1D) interacting fermions exhibit spin-charge separation, a unique feature predicted by the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory, but a rigorous understanding remains challenging. Using the thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) formalism, we analytically derive universal properties of a 1D repulsive spin-1/2 Fermi gas with arbitrary interaction strength. We show how spin-charge separation emerges from the exact TBA formalism, and how it is disrupted by the interplay between the two degrees of freedom which brings us beyond the TLL paradigm. Based on the exact low-lying excitation spectra, we further evaluate the spin and charge dynamical structure factors (DSFs). The peaks of the DSFs exhibit distinguishable propagating velocities of spin and charge as functions of interaction strength, which can be observed by Bragg spectroscopy with ultracold atoms.

4+4 figures, 6 page+ 14 pages, new results and references were added

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• Cooper Triples in Attractive Three-Component Fermions: Implication for Hadron-Quark Crossover
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• Quantum Coherent States of Interacting Bose-Fermi Mixtures in One Dimension
• Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and quantum criticality in spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain C14H18CuN4O10 via Wilson ratio
• Excitation Spectra of one-dimensional spin-1/2 Fermi gas with an attraction
• Strong interaction induced dimensional crossover in 1D quantum gas
• Achieving one-dimensionality with attractive fermions
• Generation of spin currents by a temperature gradient in a two-terminal device