Hypercompact stellar clusters: morphological renditions and spectro-photometric models

Abstract

Numerical relativity predicts that the coalescence of a black hole-binary causes the newly formed black hole to recoil, and evidence for such recoils has been found in the gravitational waves observed during the merger of stellar-mass black holes. Recoiling (super)massive black holes are expected to reside in hypercompact stellar clusters (HCSCs). Simulations of galaxy assembly predict that hundreds of HCSCs should be present in the halo of a Milky Way-type galaxy, and a fraction of those around the Milky Way should have magnitudes within the sensitivity limit of existing surveys. However, recoiling black holes and their HCSCs are still waiting to be securely identified. With the goal of enabling searches through recent and forthcoming databases, we improve over existing literature to produce realistic renditions of HCSCs bound to black holes with a mass of 10${}^5$ M${}_{\odot }$. Including the effects of a population of blue stragglers, we simulate their appearance in Pan-STARRS and in forthcoming $Euclid$ images. We also derive broad-band spectra and the corresponding multi-wavelength colours, finding that the great majority of the simulated HCSCs fall on the colour-colour loci defined by stars and galaxies, with their spectra resembling those of giant K-type stars. We discuss the clusters properties, search strategies, and possible interlopers.

Accepted for publication on MNRAS, 17 pages, 7 figures

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