Magnetic domain wall substructures in Pt/Co/Ni/Ir multi-layers

Abstract

We examine the substructures of magnetic domain walls (DWs) in [Pt/(Co/Ni)${}_M$/Ir]${}_N$ multi-layers using a combination of micromagnetic theory and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM). Thermal stability calculations of Q=$\pm$1 substructures (2-$\pi$ vertical Bloch lines (VBLs) and DW skyrmions) were performed using a geodesic nudged elastic band (GNEB) model, which supports their metastability at room temperature. Experimental variation in strength of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and film thickness reveals conditions under which these substructures are present and enables the formation of a magnetic phase diagram. Reduced thickness is found to favor Q=$\pm$1 substructures likely due to the suppression of hybrid DWs. The results from this study provide an important framework for examining 1-D DW substructures in chiral magnetic materials.

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