Discovery of delayed spin-up behavior following two large glitches in the Crab pulsar, and the statistics of such processes

Abstract

Glitches correspond to sudden jumps of rotation frequency ($\nu$) and its derivative ($\dot{\nu }$) of pulsars, the origin of which remains not well understood yet, partly because the jump processes of most glitches are not well time-resolved. There are three large glitches of the Crab pulsar, detected in 1989, 1996 and 2017, which were found to have delayed spin-up processes before the normal recovery processes. Here we report two additional glitches of the Crab pulsar occurred in 2004 and 2011 for which we discovered delayed spin up processes, and present refined parameters of the largest glitch occurred in 2017. The initial rising time of the glitch is determined as $<0.48$ hour. We also carried out a statistical study of these five glitches with observed spin-up processes. The two glitches occurred in 2004 and 2011 have delayed spin-up time scales (${\tau }_1$) of $1.7\pm 0.8$\,days and $1.6\pm 0.4$\,days, respectively. We find that the $\Delta \nu$ vs. $|\Delta \dot{\nu }|$ relation of these five glitches is similar to those with no detected delayed spin-up process, indicating that they are similar to the others in nature except that they have larger amplitudes. For these five glitches, the amplitudes of the delayed spin-up process ($|\Delta {\nu }_{d1}|$) and recovery process ($\Delta {\nu }_{d2}$), their time scales (${\tau }_1$, ${\tau }_2$), and permanent changes in spin frequency ($\Delta {\nu }_{\mathrm{p}}$) and total frequency step ($\Delta {\nu }_{\mathrm{g}}$) have positive correlations. From these correlations, we suggest that the delayed spin-up processes are common for all glitches, but are too short and thus difficult to be detected for most glitches.

arXiv comment25 pages, 8 figures

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