The recurrent impact of the Sagittarius dwarf on the Milky Way star formation history

Abstract

Satellites orbiting disc galaxies can induce phase space features such as spirality, vertical heating and phase-mixing in their discs. Such features have also been observed in our own Galaxy, but the complexity of the Milky Way disc has only recently been fully mapped thanks to Gaia DR2 data. This complex behaviour is mainly ascribed to repeated perturbations induced by the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy (Sgr) along its orbit, pointing to this satellite as the main dynamical architect of the Milky Way disc. Here, we model Gaia DR2 observed colour-magnitude diagrams to obtain the first detailed star formation history of the ~ 2-kpc bubble around the Sun. It reveals three conspicuous and narrow episodes of enhanced star formation that we can precisely date as having occurred 5.7, 1.9 and 1 Gyr ago. Interestingly, the timing of these episodes coincides with proposed Sgr pericentre passages according to i) orbit simulations, ii) phase space features in the Galactic disc, and iii) Sgr stellar content. These findings most likely suggest that Sgr has also been an important actor in the build-up of the Milky Way disc stellar mass, with its perturbations repeatedly triggering major episodes of star formation.

arXiv commentVersion including answers to the first round of comments from the reviewers. 18 pages, 5 figures

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• Constraints on the star formation histories of galaxies in the Local Cosmological Volume
• Distance and extinction to the Milky Way spiral arms along the Galactic centre line of sight