Stationary quantum entanglement between a massive mechanical membrane and a low frequency LC circuit

Abstract

We study electro-mechanical entanglement in a system where a massive membrane is capacitively coupled to a {\it low frequency} LC resonator. In opto- and electro-mechanics, the entanglement between a megahertz (MHz) mechanical resonator and a gigahertz (GHz) microwave LC resonator has been widely and well explored, and recently experimentally demonstrated. Typically, coupling is realized through a radiation pressure-like interaction, and entanglement is generated by adopting an appropriate microwave drive. Through this approach it is however not evident how to create entanglement in the case where both the mechanical and LC oscillators are of low frequency, e.g., around 1 MHz. Here we provide an effective approach to entangling two low-frequency resonators by further coupling the membrane to an optical cavity. The cavity is strongly driven by a red-detuned laser, sequentially cooling the mechanical and electrical modes, which results in stationary electro-mechanical entanglement at experimentally achievable temperatures. The entanglement directly originates from the electro-mechanical coupling itself and due to its quantum nature will allow testing quantum theories at a more macroscopic scale than currently possible.

The source data for the figures is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3906605

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• Optimizing mechanical entanglement using squeezing and parametric amplification
• Quantum entanglement in a four-partite hybrid system containing three macroscopic subsystems
• Effective optoelectrical entanglement and strong mechanical squeezing in a multi-modulated optoelectromechanical system