Superflares on solar-type stars from the first year observation of TESS

Abstract

Superflares, as strong explosions on stars, have been well studied with the progress of space time-domain astronomy. In this work, we present the study of superflares on solar-type stars using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ({\em{TESS}}) data. 13 sectors of observations during the first year of the {\em TESS} mission have covered the southern hemisphere of the sky, containing 25,734 solar-type stars. We verified 1,216 superflares on 400 solar-type stars through automatic search and visual inspection with 2-minute cadence data. Our result suggests a higher superflare frequency distribution than the result from {\em Kepler}. The reason may be that the majority of {\em TESS} solar-type stars in our dataset are rapidly rotating stars. The power-law index $\gamma$ of the superflare frequency distribution ($dN/dE\propto E^{-\gamma }$) is constrained to be $\gamma =2.16\pm 0.10$, which is a little larger than that of solar flares but consistent with the results from {\em Kepler}. Because only 7 superflares of Sun-like stars are detected, we may not give a robust superflare occurrence frequency. And four stars are accompanied by unconfirmed hot planet candidates. Therefore, superflares are possibly caused by stellar magnetic activities instead of planet-star interactions. We also find an extraordinary star TIC43472154, which exhibits about 200 superflares per year. In addition, the correlation between energy and duration of superflares ($T_{\text{duration }}\propto E^{\beta }$) is analyzed. We derive the power-law index to be $\beta =0.42\pm 0.01$, which is a little larger than $\beta =1/3$ from the prediction according to magnetic reconnection theory.

arXiv commentAccepted for Publication in ApJ. Comments are welcome. 22 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables

References in corpus (45)

• Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties
• The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction
• Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics
• Understanding the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram
• The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List
• Rotation Periods of 34,030 Kepler Main-Sequence Stars: The Full Autocorrelation Sample
• On the rotational evolution of solar- and late-type stars, its magnetic origins, and the possibility of stellar gyrochronology
• Superflares on Solar Type Stars Observed with Kepler I. Statistical Properties of Superflares
• The Effect of a Strong Stellar Flare on the Atmospheric Chemistry of an Earth-like Planet Orbiting an M dwarf
• Weakened magnetic braking as the origin of anomalously rapid rotation in old field stars
• Revised Radii of Kepler Stars and Planets Using Gaia Data Release 2
• Chromospheric Activity, Rotation, and Rotational Braking in M and L Dwarfs
• Superflares on Ordinary Solar-Type Stars
• The Extreme Ultraviolet and X-Ray Sun in Time: High-Energy Evolutionary Tracks of a Solar-Like Star
• Can Superflares Occur on Our Sun?
• Statistical properties of superflares on solar-type stars based on 1-min cadence data
• A catalogue of rotation and activity in early-M stars
• Superflares on Solar-Type Stars Observed with Kepler II. Photometric Variability of Superflare-Generating Stars : A Signature of Stellar Rotation and Starspots
• White-light flares on cool stars in the Kepler Quarter 1 Data
• TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME): A planet in the 45 Myr Tucana-Horologium association
• Do Kepler superflare stars really include slowly-rotating Sun-like stars ? - Results using APO 3.5m telescope spectroscopic observations and Gaia-DR2 data -
• A White Light Megaflare on the dM4.5e Star YZ CMi
• Are superflares on solar analogues caused by extra-solar planets?
• CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs: III. Rotation and activity from high-resolution spectroscopic observations
• The flare catalog and the flare activity in the Kepler mission
• Self-organized criticality in X-ray flares of gamma-ray burst afterglows
• That's How We Roll: The NASA K2 Mission Science Products and Their Performance Metrics
• Risks for life on habitable planets from superflares of their host stars
• High Dispersion Spectroscopy of Solar-type Superflare Stars. II. Stellar Rotation, Starspots, and Chromospheric Activities
• Probing the Origin of Stellar Flares on M dwarfs Using TESS Data Sectors 1-3
• Short Duration Stellar Flares in GALEX Data
• Modeling Stellar Proton Event-induced particle radiation dose on close-in exoplanets
• A rapid cosmic-ray increase in BC 3372-3371 from ancient buried tree rings in China
• Activity Analyses for Solar-Type Stars Observed With Kepler. I. Proxies of Magnetic Activity
• High Dispersion Spectroscopy of Solar-type Superflare Stars. I. Temperature, Surface Gravity, Metallicity, and $v\sin i$
• Activity Analyses for Solar-type Stars Observed with Kepler. II. Magnetic Feature Versus Flare Activity
• The correlation between isotropic energy and duration of gamma-ray bursts
• New insights into black bodies
• Atmospheric ionization by high-fluence, hard spectrum solar proton events and their probable appearance in the ice core archive
• A solar super-flare as cause for the 14C variation in AD 774/5 ?
• Variations of 14-C around AD 775 and AD 1795 - due to solar activity
• Simultaneous observations of the northern TESS sectors by the Zwicky Transient Facility
• Long rotation period main-sequence stars from Kepler SAP light curves
• Consequences of Energetic Magnetar-Like Outbursts of Nearby Neutron Stars: ${}^{14}$C Events and the Cosmic Electron Spectrum

Cited by in corpus (28)

• Extreme solar events
• Flare Statistics for Young Stars from a Convolutional Neural Network Analysis of $\text{TESS}$ Data
• Statistical Properties of Superflares on Solar-type Stars: Results Using All of the Kepler Primary Mission Data
• Time-resolved spectroscopy and photometry of an M dwarf flare star YZ Canis Minoris with OISTER and TESS: Blue asymmetry in H$\alpha$ line during the non-white light flare
• Flares in Open Clusters with K2. II. Pleiades, Hyades, Praesepe, Ruprecht 147, and M67
• Superflares, chromospheric activities and photometric variabilities of solar-type stars from the second-year observation of TESS and spectra of LAMOST
• Superflares and Variability in Solar-Type Stars with $TESS$ in the Southern Hemisphere
• Sun-as-a-star Analyses of Various Solar Active Events Using H$\alpha$ Spectral Images Taken by SMART/SDDI
• Starspot mapping with adaptive parallel tempering. II. Application to TESS data for M-dwarf flare stars, AU Microscopii, YZ Canis Minoris, and EV Lacertae
• TESS observations of flares and quasi-periodic pulsations from low mass stars and potential impact on exoplanets
• Correcting Stellar Flare Frequency Distributions Detected by TESS and Kepler
• Starspot mapping with adaptive parallel tempering I: Implementation of computational code
• Stellar flares from blended and neighbouring stars in Kepler short cadence observations
• Discovery of Extreme, Roughly-Daily Superflares on the Recurrent Nova V2487 Oph
• A Statistical Study of Soft X-ray Flares on Solar-type Stars
• Oscillatory reconnection and waves driven by merging magnetic flux ropes in solar flares
• Observed Rate Variation in Superflaring G-type Stars
• DIAmante TESS AutoRegressive Planet Search (DTARPS): I. Analysis of 0.9 Million Light Curves
• Spectroscopic observations of flares and superflares on AU Mic
• AstroSat observations of long-duration X-ray superflares on active M-dwarf binary EQ Peg
• Do Young Suns Produce Frequent, Massive CMEs? Results from Five-year Dedicated Optical Observations of EK Draconis and V889 Hercules
• DIAmante TESS AutoRegressive Planet Search (DTARPS): II. Hundreds of New TESS Candidate Exoplanets
• Convolutional Neural Networks for Searching Superflares from Pixel-level Data of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
• Protective Effects of Halite to Vacuum and Vacuum-Ultraviolet Radiation: A Potential Scenario During a Young Sun Superflare
• Temporal Variation of Flare Occurrence Rates via the Spot Evolution on the Sun and Solar-type Stars
• New cases of super-flares on slowly rotating solar-type stars and large amplitude super-flares in G- and M-type main-sequence stars
• Flare frequency in M dwarfs belonging to Young Moving Groups
• X-Ray and Ultraviolet Flares on AT Microscopii Observed by AstroSat