Collision dynamics and reactions of fractional vortex molecules in coherently coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

Coherently coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) exhibit vortex confinement resembling quark confinement in Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). Fractionally quantized vortices winding only in one of two components are attached by solitons, and they cannot stably exist alone. Possible stable states are "hadrons" either of mesonic type, i.e., molecules made of a vortex and anti-vortex in the same component connected by a soliton, or of baryonic type, i.e., molecules made of two vortices winding in two different components connected by a soliton. Mesonic molecules move straight with a constant velocity while baryonic molecules rotate. We numerically simulate collision dynamics of mesonic and baryonic molecules and find that the molecules swap a partner in collisions in general like chemical and nuclear reactions, summarize all collisions as vortex reactions, and describe those by Feynman diagrams. We find a selection rule for final states after collisions of vortex molecules, analogous to that for collisions of hadrons in QCD.

42 pages, 48 figures

References in corpus (6)

• Guiding-center dynamics of vortex dipoles in Bose-Einstein condensates
• Interaction of half-quantized vortices in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
• Magnetic solitons in Rabi-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
• Size and dynamics of vortex dipoles in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates
• Vortex dynamics in coherently coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
• Bound vortex states and exotic lattices in multi-component Bose-Einstein condensates: The role of vortex-vortex interaction

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• Core structures of vortices in Ginzburg-Landau theory for neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids
• Proximity effects of vortices in neutron ${}^3{P}_2$ superfluids in neutron stars: Vortex core transitions and covalent bonding of vortex molecules
• Chiral non-Abelian vortex molecules in dense QCD
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