Skyrmionic vortex lattices in coherently coupled three-component Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

We show numerically that a harmonically trapped and coherently Rabi-coupled three-component Bose-Einstein condensate can host unconventional vortex lattices in its rotating ground state. The discovered lattices incorporate square and zig-zag patterns, vortex dimers and chains, and doubly quantized vortices, and they can be quantitatively classified in terms of a skyrmionic topological index, which takes into account the multicomponent nature of the system. The exotic ground-state lattices arise due to the intricate interplay of the repulsive density-density interactions and the Rabi couplings as well as the ubiquitous phase frustration between the components. In the frustrated state, domain walls in the relative phases can persist between some components even at strong Rabi coupling, while vanishing between others. Consequently, in this limit the three-component condensate effectively approaches a two-component condensate with only density-density interactions. At intermediate Rabi coupling strengths, however, we face unique vortex physics that occurs neither in the two-component counterpart nor in the purely density-density-coupled three-component system.

13 pages, 16 color figures; v2 is identical in content to the published article

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• Field theoretical model of multi-layered Josephson junction and dynamics of Josephson vortices
• Tuning of non-paraxial effects of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam interacting with the two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
• Fractional and Integer Vortex Dynamics in Strongly Coupled Two-component Bose-Einstein Condensates from AdS/CFT Correspondence
• Rotational states of an asymmetric vortex pair with mass imbalance in binary condensates
• Quantum knots in Bose-Einstein condensates created by counterdiabatic control
• ${\mathbb{Z}}_n$ modified XY and Goldstone models and vortex confinement transition
• Analytical solutions of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for the three-species Bose-Einstein condensates
• Exotic Quantum States in Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensate with Spin-Orbit Coupling in Concentric Annular Traps