Gravitational Waves from Phase Transition in Minimal SUSY $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ Model

Abstract

Many extensions of the Standard Model include a new $U(1)$ gauge group that is broken spontaneously at a scale much above TeV. If a $U(1)$-breaking phase transition occurs at nucleation temperature of $O(100)$-$O(1000)$~TeV, it can generate stochastic gravitational waves in $O(10)$-$O(100)$ Hz range if ${\beta }_{\mathrm{n}}/H_{\mathrm{n}}=1000$, which can be detected by ground-based detectors. Meanwhile, supersymmetry (SUSY) may play a crucial role in the dynamics of such high-scale $U(1)$ gauge symmetry breaking, because SUSY breaking scale is expected to be at TeV to solve the hierarchy problem. In this paper, we study the phase transition of $U(1)$ gauge symmetry breaking in a SUSY model in the SUSY limit. We consider a particular example, the minimal SUSY $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model. We derive the finite temperature effective potential of the model in the SUSY limit, study a $U(1{)}_{B-L}$-breaking phase transition, and estimate gravitational waves generated from it.

26 pages, 10 figures. Sensitivity curves of Advanced LIGO design, Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope are overlaid on the plots of predicted gravitational wave spectrum. We have shown that the percolation of true-vacuum bubbles is completed in the benchmark with large supercooling where alpha_θ(T_n)=1.5. References are added. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review D

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• Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
• Exploring the Sensitivity of Next Generation Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Gravitational wave energy budget in strongly supercooled phase transitions
• Gravitational waves from the minimal gauged $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model
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• Impact of high-scale Seesaw and Leptogenesis on inflationary tensor perturbations as detectable gravitational waves
• Constraining the Cosmic Strings Gravitational Wave Spectra in No Scale Inflation with Viable Gravitino Dark matter and Non Thermal Leptogenesis
• Gravitational waves from breaking of an extra $U(1)$ in $SO(10)$ grand unification
• Cosmic string gravitational waves from global $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ symmetry breaking as a probe of the type I seesaw scale
• Gravitational waves from the phase transition in the B-LSSM
• Gravitational waves from patterns of electroweak symmetry breaking: an effective perspective