Long term multi-wavelength view of the blazar 1ES 1218+304

Abstract

In this work, we present a multi-wavelength study of the blazar 1ES 1218+304 using near simultaneous observations over 10 years during the period September 1, 2008 to August 31, 2018 (MJD 54710-58361). We have analyzed data from \emph{Swift}-UVOT, \emph{Swift}-XRT and \emph{Fermi}-LAT to study the long term behaviour of 1ES 1218+304 in different energy bands over the last decade. We have also used the archival data from OVRO, MAXI and \emph{Swift}-BAT available during the above period. The near simultaneous data on 1ES 1218+304 suggest that the long term multi-wavelength emission from the source is steady and does not show any significant change in the source activity. The optical/UV fluxes are found to be dominated by the host galaxy emission and can be modelled using the $PEGASE$ code. However, the time averaged X-ray and $\gamma$-ray emisions from the source are reproduced using a single zone leptonic model with log-parabolic distribution for the radiating particles. The intrinsic very high energy $\gamma$-ray emission during a low activity state of the source is broadly consistent with the predictions of the leptonic model for blazars. We have investigated the physical properties of the jet and the mass of the super massive black hole at the center of the host galaxy using long term X-ray observations from the \emph{Swift}-XRT which is in agreement with the value derived using blackbody approximation of the host galaxy. We also discuss the extreme nature of the source on the basis of X-ray and $\gamma$-ray observations.

arXiv comment9 Pages, 5 Figures, 2 Tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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• Broadband Study of High-Synchrotron-Peaked BL Lac Object 1ES 1218+304
• The Energy Budget in the Jet of High-frequency Peaked BL Lacertae Objects
• Classification of the \emph{Fermi}-LAT Blazar Candidates of Uncertain type using eXtreme Gradient Boosting
• Multi-wavelength study of TeV blazar 1ES 1218+304 using gamma-ray, X-ray and optical observations
• Extragalactic background light models and GeV-TeV observation of blazars
• Optical monitoring in southern blazars. Analysis of variability and spectral colour behaviours