Single-atom electron paramagnetic resonance in a scanning tunneling microscope driven by a radiofrequency antenna at 4 K

Abstract

Combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) enables detailed insight into the interactions and magnetic properties of single atoms on surfaces. A requirement for EPR-STM is the efficient coupling of microwave excitations to the tunnel junction. Here, we achieve a coupling efficiency of the order of unity by using a radiofrequency antenna placed parallel to the STM tip, which we interpret using a simple capacitive-coupling model. We further demonstrate the possibility to perform EPR-STM routinely above 4 K using amplitude as well as frequency modulation of the radiofrequency excitation. We directly compare different acquisition modes on hydrogenated Ti atoms and highlight the advantages of frequency and magnetic field sweeps as well as amplitude and frequency modulation in order to maximize the EPR signal. The possibility to tune the microwave-excitation scheme and to perform EPR-STM at relatively high temperature and high power opens this technique to a broad range of experiments, ranging from pulsed EPR spectroscopy to coherent spin manipulation of single atom ensembles.

17 pages, 7 figures

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• Quantum Computing
• Reading and Writing Single-Atom Magnets
• Engineering the eigenstates of coupled spin-1/2 atoms on a surface
• Enhanced quantum coherence in exchange coupled spins via singlet-triplet transitions
• Tuning the exchange bias on a single atom from 1 mT to 10 T
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Single Atoms
• Exchange mechanism for electron paramagnetic resonance of individual adatoms
• A cotunneling mechanism for all-electrical Electron Spin Resonance of single adsorbed atoms
• Upgrade of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope for electron-spin resonance
• Microwave photon-assisted phase-incoherent Cooper-pair tunneling in a Josephson STM
• A low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope capable of microscopy and spectroscopy in a Bitter magnet at up to 34 T
• Spin transfer torque induced paramagnetic resonance

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