Megapixels @ Megahertz -- The AGIPD High-Speed Cameras for the European XFEL

Abstract

The European XFEL is an extremely brilliant Free Electron Laser Source with a very demanding pulse structure: trains of 2700 X-Ray pulses are repeated at 10 Hz. The pulses inside the train are spaced by 220 ns and each one contains up to $10^{12}$ photons of 12.4 keV, while being $\le 100$ fs in length. AGIPD, the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector, is a hybrid pixel detector developed by DESY, PSI, and the Universities of Bonn and Hamburg to cope with these properties. It is a fast, low noise integrating detector, with single photon sensitivity (for ${\text{E}}_{\gamma }\ge 6$ keV) and a large dynamic range, up to $10^4$ photons at 12.4 keV. This is achieved with a charge sensitive amplifier with 3 adaptively selected gains per pixel. 352 images can be recorded at up to 6.5 MHz and stored in the in-pixel analogue memory and read out between pulse trains. The core component of this detector is the AGIPD ASIC, which consists of $64\times 64$ pixels of $200\mu \text{m}\times 200\mu \text{m}$. Control of the ASIC's image acquisition and analogue readout is via a command based interface. FPGA based electronic boards, controlling ASIC operation, image digitisation and 10 GE data transmission interface AGIPD detectors to DAQ and control systems. An AGIPD 1 Mpixel detector has been installed at the SPB experimental station in August 2017, while a second one is currently commissioned for the MID endstation. A larger (4 Mpixel) AGIPD detector and one to employ Hi-Z sensor material to efficiently register photons up to ${\text{E}}_{\gamma }\approx 25$ keV are currently under construction.

arXiv commentsubmitted to the proceedings of the ULITIMA 2018 conference, to be published in NIM A

References in corpus (8)

• Simulation and Experimental Study of Plasma Effects in Planar Silicon Sensors
• Prospects for CW and LP operation of the European XFEL in hard X-ray regime
• The single photon sensitivity of the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector
• Characterization of CdTe Sensors with Schottky Contacts Coupled to Charge-Integrating Pixel Array Detectors for X-Ray Science
• Intensity interferometry of single x-ray pulses from a synchrotron storage ring
• Characterization of Chromium Compensated GaAs as an x-ray Sensor Material for Charge-Integrating Pixel Array Detectors
• Study of X-ray radiation damage in the AGIPD sensor for the European XFEL
• First functionality tests of a 64 x 64 pixel DSSC sensor module connected to the complete ladder readout

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Ultrafast Radiographic Imaging and Tracking: An overview of instruments, methods, data, and applications
• Design and first tests of the Gotthard-II readout ASIC for the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser
• Neural Network Methods for Radiation Detectors and Imaging
• Performance of a cryo-cooled crystal monochromator illuminated by hard X-rays with MHz repetition rate at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser
• Characterization of 128x128 MM-PAD-2.1 ASIC: A Fast Framing Hard X-Ray Detector with High Dynamic Range