Sr atom interferometry with the optical clock transition as a gravimeter and a gravity gradiometer

Abstract

We characterize the performance of a gravimeter and a gravity gradiometer based on the ${}^1$S${}_0$-${}^3$P${}_0$ clock transition of strontium atoms. We use this new quantum sensor to measure the gravitational acceleration with a relative sensitivity of $1.7\times 10^{-5}$, representing the first realisation of an atomic interferometry gravimeter based on a single-photon transition. Various noise contributions to the gravimeter are measured and characterized, with the current primary limitation to sensitivity seen to be the intrinsic noise of the interferometry laser itself. In a gravity gradiometer configuration, a differential phase sensitivity of 1.53~rad/$\sqrt{Hz}$ was achieved at an artificially introduced differential phase of $\pi /2$~rad. We experimentally investigated the effects of the contrast and visibility based on various parameters and achieve a total interferometry time of 30~ms, which is longer than previously reported for such interferometers. The characterization and determined limitations of the present apparatus employing ${}^{88}$Sr atoms provides a guidance for the future development of large-scale clock-transition gravimeters and gravity gradiometers with alkali-earth and alkali-earth-like atoms (e.g., ${}^{87}$Sr, Ca, Yb).

arXiv comment32 pages, 14 figures

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• Precision Gravity Tests and the Einstein Equivalence Principle
• Confinement of an alkaline-earth element in a grating magneto-optical trap
• Measuring gravitational time dilation with delocalized quantum superpositions
• Watt-level blue light for precision spectroscopy, laser cooling and trapping of strontium and cadmium atoms
• Atomic Quantum Technologies for Quantum Matter and Fundamental Physics Applications
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• Can Traditional Terrestrial Applications of Gravity Gradiometry Rely Upon Quantum Technologies ? A Side View