Microwave-to-optical conversion using lithium niobate thin-film acoustic resonators

Abstract

We demonstrate conversion of up to 4.5 GHz-frequency microwaves to 1500 nm-wavelength light using optomechanical interactions on suspended thin-film lithium niobate. Our method utilizes an interdigital transducer that drives a free-standing 100 $\mu$m-long thin-film acoustic resonator to modulate light travelling in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or racetrack cavity. Owing to the strong microwave-to-acoustic coupling offered by the transducer in conjunction with the strong photoelastic, piezoelectric, and electro-optic effects of lithium niobate, we achieve a half-wave voltage of $V_{\pi }$ = 4.6 V and $V_{\pi }$ = 0.77 V for the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and racetrack resonator, respectively. The acousto-optic racetrack cavity exhibits an optomechancial single-photon coupling strength of 1.1 kHz. Our integrated nanophotonic platform coherently leverages the compelling properties of lithium niobate to achieve microwave-to-optical transduction. To highlight the versatility of our system, we also demonstrate a lossless microwave photonic link, which refers to a 0 dB microwave power transmission over an optical channel.

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• Radio-Frequency-to-Optical Conversion using Acoustic and Optical Whispering Gallery Modes
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• Quantum coherent microwave-optical transduction using high overtone bulk acoustic resonances
• On-chip cavity electro-acoustics using lithium niobate phononic crystal resonators
• Gigahertz-frequency Lamb wave resonator cavities on suspended lithium niobate for quantum acoustics
• Tunable single-mode laser on thin film lithium niobate
• Loss-robust crossband entanglement generation beyond the direct-transduction limit