Multipoint study of successive coronal mass ejections driving moderate disturbances at 1 AU

Abstract

We analyse in this work the propagation and geoeffectiveness of four successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that erupted from the Sun during 21--23 May 2013 and that were detected in interplanetary space by the Wind and/or STEREO-A spacecraft. All these CMEs featured critical aspects for understanding so-called "problem space weather storms" at Earth. In the first three events a limb CMEs resulted in moderately geoeffective in-situ structures at their target location in terms of the disturbance storm time (Dst) index (either measured or estimated). The fourth CME, which also caused a moderate geomagnetic response, erupted from close to the disc centre as seen from Earth, but it was not visible in coronagraph images from the spacecraft along the Sun--Earth line and appeared narrow and faint from off-angle viewpoints. Making the correct connection between CMEs at the Sun and their in-situ counterparts is often difficult for problem storms. We investigate these four CMEs using multiwavelength and multipoint remote-sensing observations (extreme ultraviolet, white light, and radio), aided by 3D heliospheric modelling, in order to follow their propagation in the corona and in interplanetary space and to assess their impact at 1 AU. Finally, we emphasise the difficulties in forecasting moderate space weather effects provoked by problematic and ambiguous events and the importance of multispacecraft data for observing and modelling problem storms.

20 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

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• Using radio triangulation to understand the origin of two subsequent type II radio bursts
• Direct First PSP Observation of the Interaction of Two Successive Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections in November 2020
• CMEs in the Heliosphere: III. A Statistical Analysis of the Kinematic Properties Derived from Stereoscopic Geometrical Modelling Techniques Applied to CMEs Detected in the Heliosphere from 2008 to 2014 by STEREO/HI-1
• Modeling a Coronal Mass Ejection from an Extended Filament Channel. II. Interplanetary Propagation to 1 au
• Electron acceleration and radio emission following the early interaction of two coronal mass ejections
• Occurrence rate of radio-loud and halo CMEs in solar cycle 25: Prediction using their correlation with sunspot numbers
• Estimating the total energy content in escaping accelerated solar electron beams
• Magnetic Structure and Propagation of Two Interacting CMEs from the Sun to Saturn