Observations of an extreme storm in interplanetary space caused by successive coronal mass ejections

Abstract

Space weather refers to dynamic conditions on the Sun and in the space environment of the Earth, which are often driven by solar eruptions and their subsequent interplanetary disturbances. It has been unclear how an extreme space weather storm forms and how severe it can be. Here we report and investigate an extreme event with multi-point remote-sensing and in-situ observations. The formation of the extreme storm showed striking novel features. We suggest that the in-transit interaction between two closely launched coronal mass ejections resulted in the extreme enhancement of the ejecta magnetic field observed near 1 AU at STEREO A. The fast transit to STEREO A (in only 18.6 hours), or the unusually weak deceleration of the event, was caused by the preconditioning of the upstream solar wind by an earlier solar eruption. These results provide a new view crucial to solar physics and space weather as to how an extreme space weather event can arise from a combination of solar eruptions.

arXiv comment23 pages, 7 figures

References in corpus (11)

• Direct Detection of a CME-Associated Shock in LASCO White Light Images
• Geometric Triangulation of Imaging Observations to Track Coronal Mass Ejections Continuously Out to 1 AU
• The Deflection of the Two Interacting Coronal Mass Ejections of 2010 May 23-24 as Revealed by Combined In situ Measurements and Heliospheric Imaging
• Reconstructing CMEs with Coordinated Imaging and In Situ Observations: Global Structure, Kinematics, and Implications for Space Weather Forecasting
• Characteristics of kinematics of a coronal mass ejection during the 2010 August 1 CME-CME interaction event
• On Sun-to-Earth Propagation of Coronal Mass Ejections
• Multi-point shock and flux rope analysis of multiple interplanetary coronal mass ejections around 2010 August 1 in the inner heliosphere
• Interactions between Coronal Mass Ejections Viewed in Coordinated Imaging and In Situ Observations
• STEREO and Wind observations of a fast ICME flank triggering a prolonged geomagnetic storm on 5-7 April 2010
• Soft X-ray Fluxes of Major Flares Far Behind the Limb as Estimated Using STEREO EUV Images
• Estimating arrival time of Earth-directed CMEs at \textit{in-situ} spacecraft using COR & HI observations from STEREO

Cited by in corpus (104)

• The origin, early evolution and predictability of solar eruptions
• The Interaction of Successive Coronal Mass Ejections: A Review
• Strong coronal channelling and interplanetary evolution of a solar storm up to Earth and Mars
• Sun-to-Earth MHD Simulation of the 14 July 2000 "Bastille Day" Eruption
• Extreme solar events
• Properties and Geoeffectiveness of Magnetic Clouds during Solar Cycles 23 and 24
• Origin and Structures of Solar Eruptions I: Magnetic Flux Rope (Invited Review)
• The Solar and Geomagnetic Storms in May 2024: A Flash Data Report
• CME-CME Interactions as Sources of CME Geo-effectiveness: The Formation of the Complex Ejecta and Intense Geomagnetic Storm in Early September 2017
• Simultaneous Transverse Oscillations of a Prominence and a Filament and Longitudinal Oscillation of another Filament Induced by a Single Shock Wave
• Temporal and Spatial Evolutions of a Large Sunspot Group and Great Auroral Storms around the Carrington Event in 1859
• Plasma and Magnetic Field Characteristics of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections in Relation to Geomagnetic Storm Intensity and Variability
• Solar energetic particle events observed by the PAMELA mission
• Multiple Regions of Shock-accelerated Particles during a Solar Coronal Mass Ejection
• Drag-Based Ensemble Model (DBEM) for Coronal Mass Ejection Propagation
• Interplanetary Propagation Behavior of the Fast Coronal Mass Ejection from 23 July 2012
• ElEvoHI: a novel CME prediction tool for heliospheric imaging combining an elliptical front with drag-based model fitting
• Imaging and Spectroscopic Diagnostics on the Formation of Two Magnetic Flux Ropes Revealed by SDO/AIA and IRIS
• CME -- HSS interaction and characteristics tracked from Sun to Earth
• The 2012 July 23 Backside Eruption: An Extreme Energetic Particle Event?
• Long-Lasting Extreme Magnetic Storm Activities in 1770 Found in Historical Documents
• A Numerical Study of Long-Range Magnetic Impacts during Coronal Mass Ejections
• Low-Latitude Aurorae during the Extreme Space Weather Events in 1859
• On Sun-to-Earth Propagation of Coronal Mass Ejections: 2. Slow Events and Comparison with Others
• Sun-to-Earth Characteristics of Two Coronal Mass Ejections Interacting near 1 AU: Formation of a Complex Ejecta and Generation of a Two-Step Geomagnetic Storm
• Quasi-periodic oscillations in flares and coronal mass ejections associated with magnetic reconnection
• On the Characteristics of Footpoints of Solar Magnetic Flux Ropes during the Eruption
• Sun-to-Earth Characteristics of the 2012 July 12 Coronal Mass Ejection and Associated Geo-effectiveness
• Operational solar flare prediction model using Deep Flare Net
• Probabilistic Drag-Based Ensemble Model (DBEM) Evaluation for Heliospheric Propagation of CMEs
• Combined Multipoint Remote and In Situ Observations of the Asymmetric Evolution of a Fast Solar Coronal Mass Ejection
• Was the Sun a Slow Rotator? -- Sodium and Potassium Constraints from the Lunar Regolith
• CMEs and SEPs During November-December 2020: A Challenge for Real-Time Space Weather Forecasting
• Properties of the Fast Forward Shock Driven by the July 23 2012 Extreme Coronal Mass Ejection
• Bridging EUV and white-light observations to inspect the initiation phase of a "two-stage" solar eruptive event
• A Statistical Study of Solar Filament Eruptions That Forms High-Speed Coronal Mass Ejections
• A Comparative Study of 2017 July and 2012 July Complex Eruptions: Are Solar Superstorms "Perfect Storms" in Nature?
• Characteristics of a Gradual Filament Eruption and Subsequent CME Propagation in Relation to a Strong Geomagnetic Storm
• A Great Space Weather Event in February 1730
• The effect of stream interaction regions on ICME structures observed in longitudinal conjunction
• A Stealth CME Bracketed between Slow and Fast Wind Producing Unexpected Geo-effectiveness
• Sheath-Accumulating Propagation of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
• Using radio triangulation to understand the origin of two subsequent type II radio bursts
• Multipoint study of successive coronal mass ejections driving moderate disturbances at 1 AU
• Direct First PSP Observation of the Interaction of Two Successive Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections in November 2020
• Exploring the radial evolution of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections using EUHFORIA
• Successive interacting coronal mass ejections: How to create a perfect storm?
• The Structure of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections in the Extreme-Ultraviolet Passbands
• Analysis of large deflections of prominence-CME events during the rising phase of solar cycle 24
• Effects of Coronal Density and Magnetic Field Distributions on a Global Solar EUV Wave
• Dependence of great geomagnetic storm intensity ($\Delta$SYM-H$\le$-200 nT) on associated solar wind parameters
• Forecasting GICs and geoelectric fields from solar wind data using LSTMs: application in Austria
• MHD study of planetary magnetospheric response during extreme solar wind conditions: Earth and exoplanet magnetospheres applications
• Three Dimensional Simulations of Solar Wind Preconditioning and the 23 July 2012 Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
• First observations of a geomagnetic superstorm with a sub-L1 monitor
• Why are ELEvoHI CME arrival predictions different if based on STEREO-A or STEREO-B heliospheric imager observations?
• CMEs in the Heliosphere: III. A Statistical Analysis of the Kinematic Properties Derived from Stereoscopic Geometrical Modelling Techniques Applied to CMEs Detected in the Heliosphere from 2008 to 2014 by STEREO/HI-1
• Multi-Spacecraft Observations of the Rotation and Non-Radial Motion of a CME Flux Rope causing an intense geomagnetic storm
• Drag-based CME modeling with heliospheric images incorporating frontal deformation: ELEvoHI 2.0
• Characteristics and Importance of "ICME-in-Sheath" Phenomenon and Upper Limit for Geomagnetic Storm Activity
• The Extreme Space Weather Event of 1872 February: Sunspots, Magnetic Disturbance, and Auroral Displays
• Comparison of magnetic properties in a magnetic cloud and its solar source on April 11-14 2013
• Characteristics and applications of interplanetary coronal mass ejection composition
• Solar Cycle Dependence of ICME Composition
• Was the cosmic ray burst detected by the GRAPES-3 on 22 June 2015 caused by transient weakening of geomagnetic field or by an interplanetary anisotropy?
• Effect of the solar wind density on the evolution of normal and inverse coronal mass ejections
• Interplanetary Type IV Bursts
• Multi-spacecraft Observations of the Coronal and Interplanetary Evolution of a Solar Eruption Associated with Two Active Regions
• Clustering of fast Coronal Mass Ejections during the solar cycles 23 and 24 and implications for CME-CME interactions
• First Taste of Hot Channel in Interplanetary Space
• A Simple Way to Estimate the Soft X-ray Class of Far-Side Solar Flares Observed with STEREO/EUVI
• Near-Sun and 1 AU magnetic field of coronal mass ejections: A parametric study
• Quantifying the Propagation of Fast Coronal Mass Ejections from the Sun to Interplanetary Space Combining Remote Sensing and Multi-Point in-situ Observations
• A Peculiar ICME Event in August 2018 Observed with the Global Muon Detector Network
• Can we estimate the intensities of great geomagnetic storms($\Delta$SYM-H$\le -$200 nT) by Burton equation or by O'Brien and McPherron equation?
• Kinematical properties of coronal mass ejections
• Observations on a series of merging magnetic flux ropes within an interplanetary coronal mass ejection
• Unveiling Key Factors in the Solar Eruptions Leading to the Solar Superstorm in 2024 May
• Relationship between Successive Flares in the Same Active Region and Space-Weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) Parameters
• Kinetic Properties of an Interplanetary Shock Propagating inside a Coronal Mass Ejection
• Propagation and Interaction Properties of Successive Coronal Mass Ejections in Relation to a Complex Type II Radio Burst
• Solar Energetic Particle Event Associated with the 2012 July 23 Extreme Solar Storm
• Is the enhancement of type II radio bursts during CME interactions related to the associated solar energetic particle event?
• A journey of exploration to the polar regions of a star: probing the solar poles and the heliosphere from high helio-latitude
• Propagation Characteristics of Two Coronal Mass Ejections From the Sun Far into Interplanetary Space
• Ionospheric response to Strong Geomagnetic Storms during 2000-2005: An IMF clock angle perspective
• Buildup of the Magnetic Flux Ropes in Homologous Solar Eruptions
• Spectroscopic and Imaging Observations of Spatially Extended Magnetic Reconnection in the Splitting of a Solar Filament Structure
• Recurrent CME-like Eruptions in Emerging Flux Regions. II. Scaling of Energy and Collision of Successive Eruptions
• Recurrent Solar Energetic Particle Flux Enhancements Observed near Earth and Mars
• On the Relationship Between Transit Time of ICMEs and Strength of the Initiated Geomagnetic Storms
• Estimation of the solar wind extreme events
• Electron Density Reconstruction of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections Based on a Genetic Algorithm: Method and Application
• Space weather: the solar perspective -- an update to Schwenn (2006)
• Multispacecraft Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of the 2020 November 29 Coronal Mass Ejection and Associated Shock: From Solar Source to Heliospheric Impacts
• Energy Spectral Property in an Isolated CME-driven Shock
• Lateral Deformation of Large-scale Coronal Mass Ejections during the Transition from Non-radial to Radial Propagation
• Magnetic interaction analysis of multiple interplanetary coronal mass ejections leading to a historic geomagnetic storm in May 2024
• Preconditioning of the interplanetary medium due to isolated ICMEs
• Earth-affecting Solar Transients: A Review of Progresses in Solar Cycle 24
• IAU commission 10 "Solar Activity": Legacy report and triennial report for 2012-2015
• Investigating the Kinematics of Coronal Mass Ejections with the Automated CORIMP Catalog
• A Space Weather Mission Concept: Observatories of the Solar Corona and Active Regions (OSCAR)
• Magnetic Structure and Propagation of Two Interacting CMEs from the Sun to Saturn