Maximal energy extraction via quantum measurement

Abstract

We study the maximal amount of energy that can be extracted from a finite quantum system by means of projective measurements. For this quantity we coin the expression "metrotropy" $\mathcal{M}$, in analogy with "ergotropy" $\mathcal{W}$, which is the maximal amount of energy that can be extracted by means of unitary operations. The study is restricted to the case when the system is initially in a stationary state, and therefore the ergotropy is achieved by means of a permutation of the energy eigenstates. We show that i) the metrotropy is achieved by means of an even combination of the identity and an involution permutation; ii) it is $\mathcal{M}\le \mathcal{W}/2$, with the bound being saturated when the permutation that achieves the ergotropy is an involution.

arXiv comment12 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the special issue of JSTAT "New Trends in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics: Classical and Quantum Systems - nesmcq18". v2 = published version

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• Two-time weak measurement protocol for ergotropy protection in open quantum batteries
• Quantum measurements constrained by the third law of thermodynamics
• Quantum Ergotropy and Quantum Feedback Control
• Ergotropy and entanglement in critical spin chains
• Energy fluctuation relations and repeated quantum measurements
• Heat flow from a measurement apparatus monitoring a dissipative qubit
• Observation of partial and infinite-temperature thermalization induced by repeated measurements on a quantum hardware
• Classicality of the heat produced by quantum measurements
• Necessity of Feedback Control for the Quantum Maxwell Demon in a Finite-Time Steady Feedback Cycle
• Energy exchange and fluctuations between a dissipative qubit and a monitor under continuous measurement and feedback
• Correlations in a quantum switch-based heat engine with measurements: A proof-of-principle demonstration